| Материал из Православной Энциклопедии под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла «DIVINO AFFLANTE SPIRITU» [лат.- Божественным наитием Духа], энциклика папы Римского Пия XII о методах изучения Свящ. Писания, опубликована 30 сент. 1943 г. в честь 50-летия энциклики «Providentissimus Deus» папы Римского Льва XIII . Основная цель публикации «D. A. S.» - поддержка католич. экзегезы в соответствии с учением «Providentissimus Deus» - «высшего руководства в библейских исследованиях» (DAS. 1). В исторической части ( DAS. 3-10) перечислены достижения католич. библеистики за 50 лет, в т. ч. учреждение Библейской комиссии (1902), создание комиссии по пересмотру Вульгаты (1907), основание Папского библейского института (1909), учреждение академических ученых степеней в области библеистики (1924), основание в Риме бенедиктинского аббатства св. Иеронима для подготовки нового издания Вульгаты (1933). В систематической части (DAS. 11-63) изложены основные принципы толкования Свящ. Писания. Признается польза историко-критического метода как «наиболее эффективного подспорья для надлежащего издания текста Священного Писания» (DAS. 18). Первостепенной задачей экзегезы провозглашается определение букв. смысла библейских слов, для раскрытия к-рого признается необходимым обращение к филологии, античной истории и лит-ре, археологии, этнологии и др. светским наукам (DAS. 23-35, 48). Помимо букв. смысла слов экзегет призван раскрывать духовный смысл (DAS. 26), не допуская при этом, чтобы подлинный смысл Свящ. Писания был представлен чуждыми метафорическими значениями событий и фактов (DAS. 27). Экзегет должен следовать «толкованиям и заявлениям Учительства Церкви», объяснениям отцов Церкви, «аналогии веры» (DV 24). Энциклика отмечает необходимость исторической критики - «понять особенности характера того или иного священнописателя, условий его жизни, эпохи, в которую он жил, какие устные и письменные источники он использовал, и, наконец, его манеру письма» (DAS. 33), чтобы определить то, что намеревался сказать писатель,- в этом состоит «высшее правило толкования» (DAS. 34). Экзегет должен определить, какие «литературные жанры» использовали библейские авторы (DAS. 35), поскольку из всех способов выражения мысли у древних народов, особенно восточных, «ни один не чужд Священным Книгам, лишь бы только используемый жанр ни в чем не противоречил ни святости, ни Истине Божией» (DAS. 37). |
| 11 DV 2–4; CT 22. 12 DV 13; DCG 13. 13 DCG 32. 34; DV 13; Декрет Второго Ватиканского Собора о подготовке ко священству Optatam totius (далее – OT), 16. 14 DV 2. 15 DCG 10. 16 DCG 32. 43. 17 DV 23. 25; CT 6. 18 DCG 34.37. 19 M.Finke, Pedagogika wiary , Poznan 1996, c. 8. 20 В. Кубик Очерки катехетической дидактики , Москва, 1996. 21 Термин « керикс » объясняет Р.Муравский в книге Katecheza chrzcielna w procesie wtajemniczenia chrzesciajanskiego czasow apostolskich , Warszawa 1990, c. 23–24; об этом термине и термине «глашатай» см. также A.Jankowski, Kerygmat w kosciele apostolskim. Nowotestamentowa teologia gloszenia slowa Bozego , Czestochowa 1989, c. 7. 22 Катехизис Католической Церкви (далее ККЦ), 2123–2125; ср. Пастырская Конституция Второго Ватиканского Собора о Церкви в современном мире Gaudium et spes – Радость и надежда (далее GS), 20. 23 GS 12.45; Иоанн Павел II Первое обращение по радио и телевидению Urbi et orbi – Городу и миру , Рим, 17 октября 1978 г.; Выступление на открытии III Генеральной Конференции Епископата Латинской Америки , Пуэбла (Мексика), 28 января 1979 г.; Выступление по случаю 30-летия Конституции Gaudium et spes , Рим, 8 ноября 1995 г. в: Przemowienia i homilie Ojca Swietego Jana Pawla II , Krakow 1997, c. 359–400. 24 DV 2; DCG 10. 25 Еф 4, 13 ; Кол 1, 28 ; GS 22. 26 Мф 1, 18 ; Лк 2, 6 ; Ин 1, 14 . 27 Мф 5-6 ; Мк 1-7 . 28 Мф 8-9 ; Мк 1-2 ; Лк 5 ; Ин 2,5-6 . 29 Мф 10 ; Мк 10-11 ; Лк 4-9 ; Ин 3-4 . 30 Мф 27-28 ; Мк 14-16 ; Лк 23-25 ; Ин 19-21 . 31 DCG 35. 32 DV 23; DCG 11. 33 DV 2. 34 DV 21. 35 DV 15. 36 DCG 20. 37 DCG 11.13.125. 38 CT 27. 39 DCG 10. 40 DCG 11. 41 2; DCG 10–11. 39. 42 DV 2. 43 J.Charytanski, Wprowadzenie , c. 9. 44 DCG 32. 45 Апостольское обращение Павла VI о евангелизации Evangelii nuntiandi (далее – EN), 4. 46 Рекомендуется пользоваться Библией брюссельского издательства «Жизнь с Богом». – Прим. пер . 47 Имеются в виду издания: Требник. «Чин Христианского Посвящения взрослых» , Москва, Ц.К. 1998 48 Чин Мессы (на пяти языках) Torino, Italia, 1993 |
| 435. Double Sympathetic Negative . – So also an infinitive depending on a word which contains a negative idea (§ 434), and which, at the same time, is modified by a negative, may take two extra negatives (μ ο), one in sympathy with the negative idea in the verb, the other in sympathy with the negative adverb: thus, λλ οδν ατος πιλεται λικα τ μ οχ γανακτεν but their age does not prevent them from being distressed Pl. Crit. 43 c. τ μποδν μ οχ… ποθανεν; what is to prevent (i.e. there is nothing to prevent) our being put to death? Xn. A. 3, 1, 13. Note. – Observe that the double sympathetic negative (μ ο, which is not to be rendered at all in English) is found only with an infinitive dependent on a doubly negative expression; elsewhere (see the last three examples under § 434) one of the negatives (μ) always retains its negative force. THE ADVERB ν 436 109 . The adverb ν generally serves to give a tinge of indefiniteness to the clause in which it stands. It has no equivalent in English, and often cannot be translated. (For the sake of completeness a summary of its uses is here given.) 437 . In independent clauses dv is used with the potential optative (§ 563) and the potential indicative (§ 565). Note. – For the quasi independent use of ν with the infinitive and participle not in indirect discourse see §§ 647 and 662. 438 . In dependent clauses ν is used regularly with the subjunctive in conditional (§§ 604, 609) and relative (§§ 623, 625) clauses. Note. – With ε, τε, πτε, πε, or πειδ, the adverb ν unites to form ν (ν, ν), ταν, πταν, πν or πν (Hdt. πεν), or πειδν (cf. § 439, note 1). 439 . In indirect discourse ν is retained (even though the mode is changed) where it originally stood in the direct form, except when a dependent subjunctive with ν is changed to the optative after a secondary tense; then ν disappears. See §§ 670, 2; 673. Note 1.– Position of &. – The adverb dv never stands at the beginning of its clause. It may stand next to the verb it modifies, or it may stand immediately after some other prominent word in the sentence (as regularly in relative and conditional clauses, § 438). Thus, it may stand with the negative (οκ ν) or with any emphatic word (πς ν, μλιστ ν) or even with the principal verb instead of the subordinate one with which it really belongs: as σν μν μν ν ομαι εναι τµιος with you I think that I should be honored (i.e. ομαι ν εναι) Xn. А. 1, 3, 6. |
| 1 . The genitive absolute can seldom be rendered in English by a corresponding nominative absolute; usually it must be translated like other circumstantial participles (§ 658, 1–8) by some phrase or clause which best accords with the Greek context: as νβη… οδενς κωλovτος he went up, since no one hindered, or without opposition Xn. A. 1, 2, 22. κακς γρ τν μετρων χντων, πντες οτοι… βρβαροι πολεμιτεροι μν σονται for if our mutual relations are unpleasant, all these barbarians will be more hostile to us Xn. A. 1, 5, 16. οδ μν βοηθσαι, πολλν ντων πρν, οδες ατος δυνσεται λελυμνης τς γψεφρς moreover, though there be many on the opposite bank, not a single soul will be able to come to their aid if the bridge is destroyed Xn. A. 2, 4, 20. Note 1.– Substantive not Expressed . –The substantive in the genitive absolute sometimes is not expressed when it can be easily supplied from the context (cf. § 305): as ντεθεν προντων φιζvero χν ππων as they (i.e. the Greeks) were proceeding from that place, there appeared the tracks of horses Xn. A. 1, 6, 1. οτω δ χντων since (the above-mentioned) things are so Xn. A. 3, 2, 10. οντος while it was raining (cf. § 305) Xn. Hell. 1, 1, 16. Note 2. – The genitive absolute is sometimes employed when its use is not strictly logical: as κ δ τοτου θττον προντων… δρμος γνετο τος στρατιταις thereupon, as the soldiers advanced faster and faster, they fell to running Xn. A. 1, 2, 17. διαβεβηκτος δη Περικλους γγλθη ατ… when Pericles had already crossed over, the news was brought to him Th. 1, 114 (cf. also § 661, note 4). 658. Accusative Absolute . – The participle of an impersonal verb having no grammatical connection with the main construction of the sentence stands in the Accusative Absolute (§ 843): as λλ τ δ, μς ξν πολσαι, οκ π τοτο λθομεν but why, when it was in our power to destroy you, did we not proceed to do so? Xn. A. 2, 5, 22. οτινς σε οχ σσαμεν οδ σ σαυτν, ον τε dv κα δυνατν for we did not save you, nor did you save yourself, although it was possible and practicable Pl. Crit. 46 a. δλον γρ τι οσθα, µλον γ σοι for of course you know, since it is a matter of interest to you Pl. Ap. 24 d. |
| 566 . But a statement of a past possibility, necessity, or likelihood, can be expressed more exactly as a fact (§ 562) by a past tense of the indicative of a verb meaning be possible or necessary and a dependent infinitive denoting what was possible or necessary to be or to be done: thus, δει οφοντα πνειν σπερ βον it was necessary to drink in gulps like an ox Xn. A. 4, 5, 32. χρν γρ Κανδαλ γενσθαι κακς for Candaules was bound to get into trouble Hdt. 1, 8. διαφυγεν ος δνατο he could not escape Lys. 1, 27. 567 . But nine times out of ten the existence of a past possibility or necessity is stated only to show that what “might have been” or “ought to have been done” did not actually take place; hence such statements usually imply a “contrary to fact” idea (as, “he might have gone,” but the fact is he did not go). (Such a statement is often used as the apodosis of a condition contrary to fact, § 606): thus, τ δ ρατοσθνει ξν επεν τι οκ πντησεν it was possible for Eratosthenes to say (i.e. “Eratosthenes might have said”) that he had not met him Lys. 12, 31. χρν τν Σωκρτην μ πρτερον τ πολιτικ διδσκειν τος συνντας σωφρονεν Socrates ought not to have taught his associates politics in preference to self-control Xn. Mem. 1, 2, 17. χρν γρ λλοθν ποθεν βροτος παδας τεκνοσθαι mortals ought to beget children from some other source (but they do not) E. Med. 573. Observe that in such expressions the aorist infinitive refers always to a single act (usually in past time), while the present infinitive refers to continued or repeated action either present or past (cf. § 539). Note. – Observe that the mere statement of a past possibility or necessity may always suffice to imply that the possible or necessary event did not occur: as εδες dv you might have seen (if you had been present), or ξν δεν it was possible to see (if you had been present). If ν is used with a past tense of the indicative of a verb denoting possibility, propriety, or the like, it shows that the possibility or propriety is stated not as a fact, but as something which might or could have existed (cf. § 564 note 2): as ξν ν δεν it would (or might) have been possible to see. Compare οκ ν τρων δει σοι μαρτρων you would not have any need of other witnesses (but as it is, you do need them) Lys. 7, 22, and επερ ν νρ γαθς, χρην ν – . . μ παρανμως ρχειν if he had been a good man, he would have had to rule with-out transgressing the laws (but a bad man is under uo such obligation) Lys. 12, 48, with χρν δ ατν… προθμαν χειν he ought to have had zeal (but did not have) Lys. 12, 50. |
| 653 . In Greek circumstantial participles are many times as frequent as in English, and very often they cannot be properly translated by a corresponding English participle; usually they are best rendered by an English clause or phrase expressing time, means, manner, cause, purpose, condition, concession, or merely an attendant circumstance, as best accords with the Greek context: thus, 1 . Τime – κοσ ς τατα λεξεν when he had heard this, he said Xn. A. 1, 7, 6. τι πας ν while still a boy Xn. Α. 1, 9, 9 (see also § 655). 2 . Means. – λξμενοι ζσι they live by plundering Xn. Cy. 3, 2, 25. 3 . Manner. – παρλαυνον τεταγμνοι they marched by in order Xn. A.1, 2, 16. (Cf. also § 655, 1.) 4 . Cause.– µτηρ πρχε τ Kρ φιλοσα ατν μλλον τν βασιλεοντα ρταξρξην Cyrus’ mother took his side, because she loved him more than she did the king Artazerzes Xn. A. 1, 1, 4. ξου δελφς dv ατο he demanded on the ground that he was his brother Xn. A. 1, 1, 8. (Cf. also § 655, 1 and § 656, 1.) 5 . Purpose. – To express purpose the future participle is regularlygused, but the present is sometimes found (cf. § 524): thus, πμψαι δ κα προκαταληψεομνους τ κρα to send men to occupy the heights in advance Xn. A. 1, 3, 14. νσταντο o μν… λξοντες γγνωσκον, o δ… πιδεικνντες ο εη πορ some arose to tell what they thought, and others (with the purpose of) pointing out what the difficulty was Xn. A. 1, 3, 13. ( Cf. also § 656, 3.) 6 . Condition. – o0d¢ χρματα μν λαμβνων διαλγοµαι, μ λαμβνων δο moreover, I do not converse on condition of receiving money, and refrain from conversation if I receive none Pl. Ap. 33 a. Observe that if a participle implying a condition is negatived, μ is always used (§ 431, 1). 7 . Concession (“although”). – μσον τν αυτο χων το Κρου εωνμου ξω ν although he commanded the center of his own forces, he was beyond Cyrus’ left wing Xn. Α. 1, 8, 13. οδν π’ μο δικομενος… κακς ποεις τν μν χρν although you were in nowise wronged by me, you did damage to my land Xn. A. 1, 6, 7. (Cf. also § 655, 1 and § 656, 2.) |
| Damaskin (Bodryj) Damaskin (Bodryj Alexsej Ivanovi), B von Poltava und Kremenug. Geboren am 20.04.1937 in Beliny, ray. Nevel’, obl. Velikie Luki; sein Vater war Bauer. Nach Abschluß der Mittelschule arbeitete er als Dreher in einer Fabrik in Leningrad. 1966 Abschluß des GS Leningrad, 1970 beendete er die Leningrader GA als cand. theol. mit der Arbeit «Die Logoslehre des hl. Johannes des Theologen im Zusammenhang mit der Lehre Philons von Alexandrien». 13 .12.1968 Mönchsweihe. 17.12.1968 Ierodiakon, am 29 .03.1970 wurde er zum Mönchspriester geweiht. Nach Abschluß der Akademie erhielt er das Brustkreuz. Er diente zunächst als Vorsteher der Kreuz-Erhöhungskirche im D Opolje, ray. Kingisepp, Ep. Leningrad, seit April 1971 war er Vorsteher der Dreieinigkeitskirche der Stadt Vsevoloskij, Ep. Leningrad. Ostern 1972 wurde er Igumen. Am 11.10.1972 wurde er zum В von Tambov und Miurinsk ernannt. 16.10.1972 Archimandritenweihe, 17.10.197 2 nareenie. 18.10.1972 Bischofeweihe in Moskau (MP 1972, 12, 12–17; StdO 1973, 2, 18–23). 03 .09.1974 В von Vologda und Velikij Ustjug (MP 1974, 11:3). 04 .10.197 9 В von Poltava und Kremenug (MP 1979, 11:4). Von Furov wird er zu den unzuverlässigen Bischöfen (3. Gruppe) gezählt, die religiös zu aktiv sind, ohne sich um die «Bevollmächtigten» zu kümmern; ja er wollte sie bestechen. Literatur Vest. russ. ehr. dv. 130 (1979) 279, 284, 296 1981, 2, 10 29 (1980) 323 f. Читать далее Источник: Русские православные иерархи : период с 1893-1965 гг. : [Каталог]/Митр. Мануил (Лемешевский). - Куйбышев, 1966./Ч. 3: Давид (Качехидзе) – Иоан (Штальберг). – 414 с. Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное |
| Kela mala Ikom ma’pahenta, Anna dituhu’i pa’elo’mu illaam inde lino umba susi yabo suhuga. Beengkanni kinande la sihuanna kiande allo temo. Anna muampunniangkanni kasalaangki, umba susi muampunnikam duka’ to kasalaam lako kaleki. Anna daa ullappa’kam tama pa’sändäsam, sapo’ la ullappasangkam dio mai kakuasaanna kakadakeam. Aka Iko to umpuängam kapahentaam, Kakuasaam, Anna kamatandeam sule lako salako-lakona. Amin. Амбеки егу сухуга, Дипа-касаллеи санма масэхому, Кела мала Иком мпахэнта, Анна дитуху-и па-эло муй-лан индэ лино умба суси егу сухуга. Бэнканни кинандэ ля сихуанна киандэ алло тэму. Анна муампуннианканни касалаанки, умба суси муампунникандука то касалаа-ла кока леки. Анна дауллаппа кам тама пасан-дасам, сапо ля-уллаппасан кам дъё май какуасаанна какадакеам. Акай котом пуаням капахэнтаам, Какуасаам, а-н-на каматандеам Суле ля коса лако-лакона. Аминь. Ambeki yegu suhuga, Dipa-kasallei sanma masehomu, Kela mala Ikom mpahenta, Anna dituhu-i pa-elo muy-lan inde lino umba susi yegu suhuga. Benkanni kinande la sihuanna kiande allo temu. Anna muampunniankanni kasalaanki, umba susi muampunnikanduka to kasalaa-la koka leki. Anna daullappa kam tama pasan-dasam, sapo la-ullappasan kam dyo may kakuasaanna kakadakeam. Akay kotom puanyam kapahentaam, Kakuasaam, a-n-na kamatandeam Sule la kosa lako-lakona. Amin. Прослушать аудио: 26. Отче наш на бана Оригинальный текст Русская транскрипция Латинская транскрипция A Dy tsa m ghwm, c’wa ghy nza mbzli mb snay Hyala ewew na nza gha, K ghshi, ka fal sln tsa gha. Maz nza gha, sk slky. Njasa mniva kwma i gha va m ghwmy, tsgha k mniva tik t hii kwrakw. y shi zm gar mky ndats. Platay kwma ghy jikir na mnti ghy, njasa planshi ghy va na mbzliy mniy kwma jikir na kwrakw. Ndghwty vantaa nd jaka dzaa hrty ta mni kwma jikir na, kvriy mb dv ci. |
| Quisdiv. sal v. с. 42. сообщает рассказ о юноше, передаваемый об Апостоле Иоанне после того, как он с острова Патмоса пришел в Ефес. Поликрат Ефесский (к концу 2 века, у Евсев. h. е. lib. III, 31 и VI, 24) в письме к Викторину римскому, два раза приводимом слово в слово Евсевием, говорит: о μεγλα στοιχεα, которые ατ τν σαν εομηται и упоминает здесь (после Филиппа) и об Иоанне: τι δε α ωννης, π τ στϑος τ ορ ναπεσν, ς γενϑη ερες τ πταλον πεφορης, α μρτυς α διδσαλος, τος ν φσω εομηται. Ориген у Евсев. h. е. III, 1 замечает: Τν δ ερν τ σωτρος μν ποστλων τ α μαϑητν φ πασαν διασπαρντων τν οιμνην, θωμς μν, ς παρδοσις περιχει, τν Παρϑαν εληχεν, Ανδρας δ τν Συϑαν, ωννης τν σαν, πρς ς α διατρας ν φσ τελευτ. Сам Евсевий h. e. III, 23. рассказывая о малоазийской церкви после Домициана, говорит: π ττοις ατ τν σαν τι τ β περιλειπμενος, ατς ενος, ν γπα ησς, πστολος μ α υαγγελιστς ωννης, τς ατϑι διεπεν ελησας. 87 Иринеем adv. haer. V, 30. 3. (Здесь Ириней приписывает Апостолу Иоанну Апокалипсисе, который гл. 1, 9. так прямо свидетельствует о пребывании Иоанна на Патмосе), Климентом Алекс. Qu. dv. с. 42., Тертуллианом de praescriptt. с. 36. (говоря здесь о ссылке Иоанна, он упоминает еще о другом событии из жизни Иоанна, впервые сообщенном только им [а после вслед за ним рассказанном Иеронимом adv. Iovin. 1, 26 и ad Matth.]: Felix ecclesia [Romanaj... ubi Petms passioni dominicae adaequatur, ubi Paulus Iohannis [Bapt.] exitu coronatur, ubi Apostolus Iohannes, posteaquam in oleum igneum demersus nihil passus est, in insulam relegatur) Оригеном Comment. in Matth. T. XVI, 6: (Πεπασι δ ποτριον α τ βπτισμα εβαπτσϑησαν ο τ Ζεβεδα υο, πεπερ ρδης μν πτεινεν Ιωβον... μαχαρ, ο δ Ρωμαων βασιλες, ς παρδοσις διδσει, ατεδασε τν Ιωννην μαρτυρντα δι τν τς ληϑεας λγον ες Πτμον τν νσον), Евсевием h. е. III, 18.20. |
| THE SUBJUNCTIVE MODE 554 . The Subjunctive mode looks always toward the future (thus, having the value of a primary tense, when it is used independently, § 517, 2). 555 . The uses of the subjunctive may be grouped under two great divisions: the Volitive Subjunctive (which expresses an action as willed), and the Anticipatory Subjunctive (which anticipates an action as an immediate future possibility), a use in which the subjunctive is closely related to the future indicative (see § 562 a and compare §§ 563 a; 576 a; 594, 1 note). No hard and fast line, however, can be drawn between these two uses of the subjunctive. Note. – In the earlier language (i. in Homer) the anticipatory subjunctive (with or without «e or dv) was not infrequently used in independent clauses (§ 562 a), but in this use it was soon crowded out by the future indicative, and only a few relics of this use are to be found in Attic Greek, but in dependent clauses (e.g. conditions and relative clauses) it continued to be regularly used. 556 126 . The uses of the subjunctive may be summarized as follows: – INDEPENDENT In exhortations (§ 585) and prohibitions (§ 584). In deliberative questions (§ 577). In cautious future assertions with μ and μ ο (§ 569, 1). In strenuous future denials with ο μ (§ 569, 2). DEPENDENT In purpose clauses (§ 590). After words of fearing (§ 592). In the protasis of a future more vivid (§ 604) or a present general condition (§ 609). In relative clauses of anticipation (future, §§ 623; 526–7) or of general possibility (present, § 625). THE OPTATIVE MODE 557 . The optative mode may be briefly characterized as a more remote subjunctive. Hence, in its independent uses, and in most of its dependent uses, it commonly looks toward the future, but more remotely than the subjunctive, and often from the point of view of past time (cf. § 517, 2). 558 . The uses of the optative may be grouped under three heads: (1) the Optative of Wish (corresponding to a remote volitive subjunctive, § 555) which expresses an action as desired, but not actually willed to happen; (2) the Potential Optative (corresponding to a remote anticipatory subjunctive, § 555), which expresses what the speaker regards as a more or less remote possibility (see note 1); (3) the Optative in Indirect Discourse, which is a development peculiar to Greek. |
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