| Peter certainly remains one of the most prominent disciples throughout the Fourth Gospel, as in the other gospels. Given the model for gospel genre found in Matthew and Luke, one most naturally expects report of a commission at the end of the Gospel (which could be and is, to a significant degree, fulfilled in 20but which could also be developed further). Even here Jesus is correcting as well as encouraging Peter (especially if the three questions recall the three denials, 13:38). 10931 The passage is consistent with, but develops, the role of Peter found earlier in the Gospe1. It also may provide a model for other church leaders (cf. 1Pet 5:1–2 ). 2. The Demand of Love Loving Jesus demands fulfilling his commands (14:15), particularly the command to love one another as Jesus did (13:34); in Peter " s case, this general call includes a specific command to care for Jesus» sheep, for whom Jesus cares. The appointed undershepherds of the old covenant scattered when they saw a wolf coming (10:12–13), but Peter was to care for the sheep as Jesus did, ultimately to the point of offering his life (21:18–19, 22), as he had once promised he would (13:36–37). As noted above, Peter is given three opportunities to affirm his love for Jesus (21:15–17)–possibly three in number to balance Peter " s three denials (13:38). Peter was «grieved» by the Lord " s questions (21:17)–a strong term John elsewhere uses of the disciples» sorrow over Jesus» death (16:20). He still felt loyalty for Jesus; but Jesus demands a love that is demonstrated by obedience (14:15), which Peter " s recent behavior failed to demonstrate (18:25–27). Peter is certain that he remains faithful to Jesus–despite his recent lapse in such readily promised fidelity (13:37–38)–and that Jesus must know this, for he knows «all things» (21:17; cf. 16:30; 18:4). That Jesus» knowledge has already led him to refuse to trust untrustworthy believers (2:23–25) might lead the first-time reader– and perhaps Peter–to doubt whether Peter will do any better on this commitment than he did in his first assurance that he would die for Jesus (13:37). Yet Jesus was merely testing and confirming him, for, as Jesus accurately predicted Peter " s betrayal (13:38), he also predicts here that Peter will eventually die for Jesus (21:18). |
| That Jesus «manifested himself» to the disciples (21:1; this provides an inciusio with 21:14) is also Johannine language (1:31; 2:11; 3:21; 7:4; 9:3; 17:6) and, on a theological level, reflects the expectation in 14:21–23 of postresurrection encounters with Christ (albeit normally in the Spirit after the first encounter of 20:19–23). Jesus was, literally, «on the sea» (21:1); this is acceptable language for «beside the sea» ( Mark 4:1; 5:21 ; cf. John 21:4,9–10 ). It might recall Jesus» theophany on the sea (6:19; cf. Mark 6:47–49 ); but this is probably overexegesis (see 6:16). When John concludes the narrative by reminding the reader that this is the «third» time Jesus was revealed to the disciples (21:14), he includes in this count only the two appearances in the upper room (20:19–23,24–29). Like John " s other counts (2:1,11; 4:46, despite the plural «signs» in 3:2), however, his language may indicate only the third time in the narrative, not the third appearance altogether. 10857 That John 21 does not enumerate all the gospels» resurrection appearances but counts only those in this Gospel seems to me a further piece of evidence favoring Johannine authorship of this chapter. 10858 This passage reflects knowledge of the tradition that Peter and at least some of his colleagues (21:3)–here presumably the sons of Zebedee (21:2)–were fishermen, a tradition undoubtedly widely known in the early church (cf. Mark 1:16–20 ). 10859 It has often been argued as well that the passage reflects knowledge of the same tradition as appears in Luke 5:1–10; although the argument depends, to some degree, on the relative paucity of extant traditions available for our modern perusal, it is probably correct. Peter acts in character, taking the lead in 21(13:24; 18:10,15; cf. Mark 14:31, 37 ), as some students in ancient schools were known to do. 10860 He also displays for Jesus his physical prowess in 21and 21:11; this might appeal to heroic or masculine ideals in the ancient Mediterranean world–perhaps acceptable provided it was used to demonstrate loyalty to his Lord (as it was in 21:7, ll). 10861 This might also be in character; at least some ancient people viewed fishermen as «tough,» inured to the labors of their trade. 10862 |
| В Евангелиях от Матфея и от Луки роль П. высвечена не менее ярко, чем у ап. Марка. Рассказ Марка о том, как Иисус пришел к ученикам по воде во время бури (Мк 6. 47-50), не содержит упоминаний о П., тогда как Матфей добавляет сцену, в которой П. выходит навстречу Иисусу и начинает тонуть (Мф 14. 25-32). Беседу Иисуса с П. в Кесарии Филипповой приводят все 3 синоптика (Мф 16. 13-16; Мк 8. 27-30; Лк 9. 18-21), но только у Матфея Иисус называет П. камнем, на котором Он создаст Церковь Свою (Мф 16. 17-19). Ап. Лука добавляет собственный материал, связанный с П., к тому, что известно о нем от 2 др. синоптиков. Только у Луки приводится притча о бодрствующих рабах и уточняющий вопрос П. (Лк 12. 37-41), говорится, что П. был одним из 2 учеников, к-рым Иисус поручает готовить Тайную вечерю (Лк 22. 8), и что Иисус на Тайной вечере обращает к П. слова: «Симон! Симон! се, сатана просил, чтобы сеять вас как пшеницу, но Я молился о тебе, чтобы не оскудела вера твоя; и ты некогда, обратившись, утверди братьев твоих» (Лк 22. 31-32). П. многократно упоминается и в Евангелии от Иоанна. Существует мнение, что в этом Евангелии роль П. занижена по сравнению с синоптическими повествованиями (об этом см. в: Keener. 2010. Vol. 1. P. 475-476). Это мнение подтверждают, в частности, тем, что у ап. Иоанна первым находит Иисуса не П., а его брат, ап. Андрей (Ин 1. 40-42) ( Neyrey. 2009. P. 56-57), и что ко гробу воскресшего Иисуса, согласно Иоанну, первым прибегает не П., а «другой ученик» (Ин 20. 2-9), отождествляемый с самим Иоанном ( Barrett. 1998. P. 563). «Другой ученик», он же «любимый ученик», в качестве положительного персонажа якобы противопоставляется П., выступающему скорее в роли отрицательного героя (Peter in the NT. 1973. Vol. 1. P. 133-139; Culpepper. 1983. P. 122; Perkins. 1994. P. 96-97, 100-101). Этот взгляд был оспорен Р. Бокемом, к-рый видит в фигурах П. и «любимого ученика» в Евангелии от Иоанна не конкурирующих, а взаимодополняющих персонажей ( Бокэм. 2011. С. 154-155). В 4-м Евангелии отсутствует целый ряд эпизодов с участием П., к-рые есть в синоптических Евангелиях. В то же время ап. Иоанн добавляет неск. эпизодов с участием П., к-рых нет у синоптиков,- в частности, диалог между Иисусом и П. в сцене омовения ног на Тайной вечере (Ин 13. 6-10), а также рассказ о том, как П. бросился вплавь навстречу воскресшему Иисусу (Ин 21. 7). Все 4 евангелиста повествуют об отречении П., но только Иоанн приводит диалог, к-рый в экзегетической традиции интерпретируется как восстановление П. в апостольском достоинстве после его отречения,- когда воскресший Иисус трижды говорит П.: «...паси агнцев Моих» (Ин 21. 15-19). Жизнь П. до призвания на апостольское служение |
| Manuscript Evidence for Ancient Writings Author Written Earliest Copy Time Span Caesar 100-44 B.C. 900 A.D. 1,000 yrs 427-347 B.C. 900 A.D. 1,200 yrs Thucydides 460-400 B.C. 900 A.D. 1,300 yrs Tacitus 100 A.D. 1100 A.D. 1,000 yrs Suetonius 75-160 A.D. 950 A.D. 800 yrs Homer (Iliad) 900 B.C. 400 B.C. 500 yrs New Testament 40-100 A.D. 125 A.D. 25-50 yrs 24,000 Thousands of early Christian writings and lexionaries (first and second century) cite verses from the New Testament. In fact, it is nearly possible to put together the entire New Testament just from early Christian writings. For example, the Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (dated 95 A.D.) cites verses from the Gospels, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, Ephesians, Titus, Hebrews, and 1 Peter. The letters of Ignatius (dated 115 A.D.) were written to several churches in Asia Minor and cites verses from Matthew, John, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus. These letters indicate that the entire New Testament was written in the first century A.D. In addition, there is internal evidence for a first century date for the writing of the New Testament. The book of Acts ends abruptly with Paul in prison, awaiting trial (Acts 28:30-31 It is likely that Luke wrote Acts during this time, before Paul finally appeared before Nero. This would be about 62-63 A.D., meaning that Acts and Luke were written within thirty years of ministry and death of Jesus. Another internal evidence is that there is no mention of the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. Although Matthew, Mark and Luke record Jesus' prophecy that the temple and city would be destroyed within that generation (Matthew 24:1-2 13:1-2 , Luke 21:5-9,20-24,32 no New Testament book refers to this event as having happened. If they had been written after 70 A.D., it is likely that letters written after 70 A.D. would have mentioned the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy. As stated by Nelson Glueck, former president of the Jewish Theological Seminary in the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, and renowned Jewish archaeologist, " In my opinion, every book of the New Testament was written between the forties and eighties of the first century A.D. " |
| Характерная черта этого послания, определяющая его исключительное положение среди книг Нового Завета, состоит в использовании апокрифической иудейской литературы. На этом основании некоторые исследователи приходят к выводу, что Иуда адресовал свое послание еврейской аудитории, но материалы, к которым обращается автор, свидетельствуют скорее о его культуре, чем о культуре его читателей. Цитаты из Вознесения Моисея и Книги Еноха в ст. 9 и 15 и, возможно, других апокрифов в ст. 6 и 8 поставили это послание под сомнение в тот период, когда церковь устанавливала священный канон (список книг, подлежащих включению в Новый Завет). Однако возвышенное учение о богодухновенности Писаний не мешает библейским авторам цитировать не только Библию , но и другие источники. Сам Павел делает это в 1Кор. 10:7 ; 2Тим. 3:8 и Тит. 1:12 (ср.: Деян. 17:28 ). Несмотря на то что перед включением в канон некоторые подвергали это послание сомнению, его цитация раннехристианскими авторами доказывает, что оно имело хождение по меньшей мере с начала II в. (См.: Апокрифы и апокалиптика/Новый библейский комментарий: В 3 ч. СПб., 2000. Ч. 2. С. 562–569.) Какое значение имеет Послание Иуды для нас? Как и мы, Иуда жил в эпоху, когда терпимости отдавали предпочтение перед верой и считали все религии одинаково законными средствами поиска высшего существа. Поэтому он призывает подвизаться за веру в единого Бога, однажды преподанную святым (3,4). Автор решает свою задачу четырьмя путями: 1 . Он напоминает об опасности, бесплодии и предрешенном конце лжеучителей (5–16). 2 . Он призывает народ Божий молиться и возрастать в христианской вере (20,21). 3 . Он заверяет верующих в неизменности Божьих замыслов (24). 4 . Он призывает не упускать возможности проповедовать Евангелие (22,23). Эти предостережения и призывы полезны современным христианам не меньше, чем первым читателям Иуды. См. также главу «Читая послания». Дополнительная литература Kelly J. N. D. The Epistles of Peter and Jude, BNTC (A. and С Black, 1969). |
| Обычно старец посылал послушника в Лавру за подаянием, взять – что дадут. Я забыл заметить, что папа-Мефодий был выпускником Богословского факультета Афинского Университета. Но ради спасения бесценной души он отказался от всех почетных мест в миру и отверг всю славу. Послушник приносил «что попало» и далее в этой каливе происходило следующее: они кипятили воду, добавляли туда немного соли и муки и делали такую кашицу – пюре. Если у них был виноград, то они ложили его в сосуд и просто постоянно подливали воду - и пили… Однажды к ним пришел брат – какой-то паломник, зашел к ним повидаться. Они угостили его своим аскетическим питьем… - Что это за свекольная брага (пандзарозумо)? – с удивлением воскликнул человек, заинтригованный необычным вкусом и полный любопытства. - Пемпто лакеро, - ответил Старец и пояснил человеку, - То есть, пять раз мы уже добавляли в этот кувшин с виноградом воды... В конце своей жизни папа-Мефодий переселился в пещеру прп. Афанасия Афонского. Он жил в суровой аскезе, в то время как ведь сам он был гимнографом и одновременно очень одаренным певцом и музыкантом! Герасим Смирнский в своей книге упомянул о нем: «Вся его жизнь была в великой аскезе и непрерывном внимании» В 1903 году он был секретарем Кинота, а сконался в 1920-м. Комментарии Всего комментариев: 9 2016/12/08, 21:11:55 Спасибо Вам за сайт я на него только-что подписалась здорово Людмила 2014/01/08, 17:31:51 Дивен Бог во святых Своих! Николай 2011/03/10, 20:55:19 Good day! Staretz Methodios Karesiotis lived a long time - about 1890-1920. We will soon show and more photos 2011/03/10, 20:53:50 When did Staretz Methodios Karesiotis live? I have also a request: are there any photographs of the following Elders: 1) Elder Daniel of the Cave of st. Peter the athonite? 2) Elder Gerassimos of Chios who lived on Mount Carmel on Mount Athos?(not Gerassimos Menagias) 4) Elder Varnavas of St. Basil Skete. the first two were known by Elder Joseph the Hesychast and lived in the 1920 " s to the 1930 " s. |
| The same Prophet Hosea, proclaiming the name of God and addressing the chosen people, says: “for I am God, and not man; the Holy One in the midst of thee” (Hosea 11:9). God defines Himself as such, which means that holiness is one of the most important definitions of God (Cf., Leviticus 11:44–45; 19:2; 20:3, 7, 26; 21:8; 22:2, 32. Jesus of Navi [Joshua] 24:15, 19. 1 Kings Samuel] 2:2, 10; 6:20; 2 Kings Samuel] 22:7; 4 Kings Kings] 19:22. 1 Paralipomena Chronicles] 16:10, 27, 35; 29:16. 2 Paralipomena Chronicles] 6:2; 30. 27. Tobit 3:11; 8:5, 15; 12:12, 15. Judith 9:13; Job 6:10; Psalms 2:6; 3:5; 5:8; 10 14 15 17 19 21 23 26 27 32 42 45 46 47 50 64 67 70 76 77 54; 78 88 97 98 5, 9; 101 102 104 42; 105 110 137 144 21; Proverbs 9:10; Wisdom of Solomon 1:5; 9:8, 10, 17; 10:20. Wisdom of Sirach 4:15; 17:8; 23:9–10; 43:11; 47:9, 12; 48:23. Esaias [Isaiah] 1:4; 5:16, 19, 24; 6:3; 8:13; 10:17, 20; 11:9; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19, 23; 30:11–12, 15; 31:1; 37:23; 40:25; 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14–15; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 52:19; 54:5; 55:5; 56:7; 57:13, 15; 58:13; 60:9, 14; 63:10–11; 65:11, 25; 66:20. Jeremias [Jeremiah] 23:9; 31:23; 50:29; 51:5. Baruch 2:16; 4:22, 37; 5:5; 20:39–40; 28: 14; 36:20–22; 39:7, 25. Ezekiel 43:7–8; Daniel 3:52–53; 4:5–6, 10, 14–15, 20; 5:11; 9:16, 20, 24. Joel 2:1; 3:17; Amos 2:7. Abidias 1:16. Jonas 2:5, 8; Michaias [Micah] 1:2; Abbacum [Habbakuk] 1:12; 2:20; 3:3; Sophonias [Zephaniah] 3: 11–12; Zacharias [Zechariah] 2:13; 2 Maccabees 8:15; 14:36; 15:32; 3 Maccabees 2:2, 11, 16; 5:8; 6:1–2, 4, 17, 26; 7:8; 2 Esdras 14:22; Matthew 1:18, 20; 3:11; 12:32; 28:19. Mark 1:8, 24, 29; 12:36; 13:11; Luke 1:15, 35, 41, 49, 67, 72; 2:25–26; 3:16, 22; 4: 1, 34; 11:13; 12:10, 12. John 1:33; 7:39; 14:26; 17:11; 20:22; Acts 1:2, 5, 8, 16; 2:4, 33, 38; 3:14; 4:8, 25, 27, 30–31; 5:3, 32; 6:3, 5; 7:51, 55; 8:15, 17–19, 39; 9:17, 31; 10:38, 44–45, 47; 11:15–16, 24; 13:2, 4, 9, 35, 52; 15:8, 28; 16:6; 19:2, 6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25. 1 Peter 1:12, 15–16; 2 Peter 1:21; 1 John 2:20; 5:7. Jude 1:20; Romans 5:5; 9:1; 14:17; 15:13, 16; 1 Corinthians 2:13; 3:17; 6:19; 12:3; 2 Corinthians 6:6; 13:13. Ephesians 3:5; 4: 30; 1 Thessalonians 1:5–6; 4:8; 2 Timothy 1:14; Titus 3:5; Hebrews 2:4; 3:7; 6: 4; 9:8, 14; 10: 15; Revelation 3:7; 4:8; 6:10; 15:3–4; 16:5). |
| Wisdom from Saint Paul “For me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.” Phil 1:21 “I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives within me.” Galatians 2:20 “Rejoice in the Lord always; again I say rejoice” Philippians4:4 “Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.” Philippians 4:6-7 “I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed to us.” Romans 8:18 “Love is patient and kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs… Love never fails… These three things remain: Faith, Hope and Love. The greatest of these is love.” 1 Corinthians 13:4-8,12 “I have learned in whatever state I am, to be content… For I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.” Phil 4:11,13 “We do not live to ourselves and we do not die to ourselves. If we life we live to the Lord, and if we die we die to the lord; so then, whether we live or whether we die, we are the Lord’s.” Romans 14:7-9 Wisdom from Saint Peter Jesus asked, “But who do you say that I am?” And Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” Jesus replied, “Blessed are you Simon, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell will not overcome it, and I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.” Mt 16:16-19 “Always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with gentleness and reverence.” 1 Peter 3:15 Just as He who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct. 1 Peter 1:15 “Add to your faith virtue, to virtue knowledge, to knowledge self-control, to self-control perseverance, to perseverance godliness, to godliness brotherly kindness, and to brotherly kindness love. For if these things are yours and abound, you will be neither barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.” 2 Pet 1:5-8 |
| But do we see this in actuality? How few of us read their epistles, and how few of us strive to understand them! How often and with what indifference do we abandon the word of God, which is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart (Heb. 4:12), and turn to earthly wisdom, the rudiments of the world (Gal. 4:9; Col. 2:8), which does not in the least reveal to us the divine wisdom hidden throughout the world and in the life of mankind! Doesn't it also happen that these words of the Apostles are even laughed at amongst us, just as they were amongst the sophists and philosophers of Athens, from whom the Apostle Paul departed with a heavy spirit, to preach in other cities (Act. 17:18, 32–33; 18:1 1 Col. 3:1–7)? Aren't the preachers of these words of the Apostles also subjected even now to persecutions, even unto bonds, like the great Apostle of Christ, Paul (2 Tim. 2:9)? Isn't the reason why unbelief is increasing in our time: that we do not want to hear and know about that living, fiery faith, which comes not from opinion or the logic of flesh and blood, but from heavenly, divine revelation (Mt. 16:17), as did the rock, Simon Peter? Is the reason why Christian love is becoming more and more scarce among people that we have completely forgotten Paul, whose mouth was always opened unto the people, and whose heart was enlarged (cf. 2 Cor. 6:11), in order to embrace with tender love all those whom he begot in the Gospels through Christ Jesus (1 Cor. 4:15)? As long as the earth stands, it will stand only on twelve foundations, which are the Apostles of Christ (Rev. 21:14; Eph. 2:20). But if instead of approaching Christ, the Chief Cornerstone, and as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood (1 Pet. 2:5), we build upon a foundation other than Jesus Christ, then each one's work will be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is (1 Cor. 3:11-13), and the fire from which the present world shall perish (cf. 2 Pet 3:7-12) will destroy it more and more, so that new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness (2 Pet. 3:13) might appear. |
| Rom. 9:17/Exodus 9:16 – my power “in you”; my name may be “proclaimed.” Hebrew – show “thee”; may name might be “declared.” Rom. 9:25/Hosea 2:23 – I will call my people; I will call my beloved. Hebrew - I will have mercy (love versus mercy). Rom. 9:27/Isaiah 10:22 – only a remnant of them “will be saved.” Hebrew – only a remnant of them “will return.” Rom. 9:29/Isaiah 1:9 – had not left us “children.” Hebrew – Jehova had left us a “very small remnant.” Rom. 9:33; 10:11; 1 Peter 2:6/Isaiah 28:16 – he who believes will not be “put to shame.” Hebrew – shall not be “in haste.” Rom. 10:18/Psalm 19:4 – their “voice” has gone out. Hebrew – their “line” is gone out. Rom. 10:20/Isaiah 65:1 – I have “shown myself” to those who did not ask for me. Hebrew – I am “inquired of” by them. Rom. 10:21/Isaiah 65:2 – a “disobedient and contrary” people. Hebrew – a “rebellious” people. Rom. 11:9-10/Psalm 69:22-23 – “pitfall” and “retribution” and “bend their backs.” Hebrew – “trap” and “make their loins shake.” Rom. 11:26/Isaiah 59:20 – will banish “ungodliness.” Hebrew – turn from “transgression.” Rom. 11:27/Isaiah 27:9 – when I take away their sins. Hebrew – this is all the fruit of taking away his sin. Rom. 11:34; 1 Cor. 2:16/Isaiah 40:13 -the “mind” of the Lord; His “counselor.” Hebrew – “spirit” of the Lord; “taught” Him. Rom. 12:20/Prov. 25:21 – feed him and give him to drink. Hebrew – give him “bread” to eat and “water” to drink. Rom. 15:12/Isaiah 11:10 – the root of Jesse…”to rule the Gentiles.” Hebrew - stands for an ensign. There is nothing about the Gentiles. Rom. 15:21/Isaiah 52:15 – been told “of him”; heard “of him.” Hebrew – does not mention “him” (the object of the prophecy). 1 Cor. 1:19/Isaiah 29:14 – “I will destroy” the wisdom of the wise. Hebrew – wisdom of their wise men “shall perish.” 1 Cor. 5:13/Deut. 17:7 – remove the “wicked person.” Hebrew – purge the “evil.” This is more generic evil in the MT. 1 Cor. 15:55/Hosea 13:14 – O death, where is thy “sting?” Hebrew – O death, where are your “plagues?” |
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