| Binyamin, «Birkath» Binyamin, Ben-Zion. »Birkath ha-Minim and the Ein Gedi Inscription.» Immanuele (1987): 68–79. Birdsall, «Source» Birdsall, J. Neville. «The Source of Catena Comments on John 21:25 .» NovT 36 (1994): 271–79. Bishop, Apostles Bishop, Eric Francis Fox. Apostles of Palestine: The Local Background to the New Testament Church. London: Lutterworth, 1958. Bishop, «Bread» Bishop, Ε. F. ««He That Eateth Bread with Me Hath Lifted Up His Heel against Me.»–Jn xiii.18 (Ps xli.9).» ExpTim 70 (1958–1959): 331–33. Black, Approach Black, Matthew. An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts. 3d ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. Black, «Form» Black, C. Clifton. «The Rhetorical Form of the Hellenistic Jewish and Early Christian Sermon: A Response to Lawrence Wills.» HTR 81 (1988): 1–18. Black, «Messiah» Black, Matthew. «The Messiah in the Testament of Levi XVIII.» ExpTim 60 (1948–1949): 321–22. Black, «Oration at Olivet» Black, C. Clifton. «An Oration at Olivet: Some Rhetorical Dimensions of Mark 13 .» Pages 66–92 in Persuasive Artistry: Studies in New Testament Rhetoric in Honor of George A. Kennedy. Edited by Duane F. Watson. JSNTSup 50. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991. Black, «Recovery» Black, Matthew. «The Recovery of the Language of Jesus.» NTS 3 (1956–1957): 305–313. Black, Scrolls Black, Matthew. The Scrolls and Christian Origins. London: Nelson, 1961. Black, «Tradition» Black, Matthew. «Does an Aramaic Tradition Underlie John 1, 16 ?» JTS 42/165–66 (January-April 1941): 69–70. Black, «Words» Black, C. Clifton. « «The Words That You Gave to Me I Have Given to Them»: The Grandeur of Johannine Rhetoric.» Pages 220–39 in Exploring the Gospel of John: In Honor of D. Moody Smith. Edited by R. Alan Culpepper and C. Clifton Black. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox, 1996. Blackburn, «ANDRES» Blackburn, Barry L. » " Miracle Working THEIOI ANDRES» in Hellenism (and Hellenistic Judaism).» Pages 185–218 in The Miracles of Jesus. Edited by David Wenham and Craig Blomberg. Vo1. 6 of Gospel Perspectives. Edited by R. T. France and David Wenham. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1986. |
| О воскресении мертвых: Athenagore . Supplique au sujet de chretiens et Sur la Resurrection. Ed. B. Pouderon. SC 379. 1992. Варсануфий и Иоанн Газские Преподобных отцев Варсануфия Великого и Иоанна Руководство к духовной жизни в ответах на вопрошения учеников. СПб., 1905. Василий Великий Беседа на 7 Пс. Беседа на 7?й Псалом: Homilia in Psalmum VII. PG 29, 227–249. Толкование на Ис. Толкование на книгу пророка Исаии: Commentarius in Isaiam prophetam. PG 30, 117–665.Русский перевод: Творения Творения иже во святых отца нашего Василия Великого , архиепископа Кесарии Каппадокийской. Ч. 1–7. М., 1993 р. Беседа на 7 Пс. Беседа на 7?й Псалом: Homilia in Psalmum VII. PG 29, 227–249. Толкование на Ис. Толкование на книгу пророка Исаии: Commentarius in Isaiam prophetam. PG 30, 117–665. Григорий Богослов Творения иже во святых отца нашего Григория Богослова , архиепископа Константинопольского. Ч. 1–6. М., 1843–1848. Григорий Нисский Большое огласительное слово: Otario catechetica magna. PG 44, 9–105; The Catechetical Oration of Gregory of Nyssa . Ed. J. H. Strawley. Cambridge, 1903. На Святую Пасху На Святую Пасху и о тридневном сроке празднования Воскресения Христова: In sanctum Pascha et de triduano festo Resurrectionis Christi Orationes quinque. PG 46, 600–693. О душе и воскресении: De anima et resurrectione. PG 46, 11–160. О жизни Моисея: Gregorii Nysseni Opera VII, Ï De vita Moysis. Ed. H. Musurillo. Leiden, 1964. О младенцах О младенцах, преждевременно похищаемых смертью: De infantibus qui praemature abripiuntur. PG 46, 161–192. Об устроении человека: De hominis opificio. PG 44, 123–256.Русский перевод: Восточные отцы IV века Восточные отцы и учители Церкви IV века: Антология/Сост., биографические и библиографические статьи иером. Илариона (Алфеева) . М., 1996. Т. 2. С. 77–403. Творения Творения иже во святых отца нашего Григория Нисского . Ч. 1–8. М., 1861–1871. Большое огласительное слово: Otario catechetica magna. PG 44, 9–105; The Catechetical Oration of Gregory of Nyssa . Ed. J. H. Strawley. Cambridge, 1903. |
| Canons CCP(681) Third Council of Constantinople Act. Acts Or.imp. Oration to the Emperor CCP(754) Decr. (Iconoclast) Synod of 754 in Hiereia and Constantinople. Decrees CCP(869) Act. Fourth Council of Constantinople. Acts Cerul. Patriarch Michael Cerularius Ep.Petr.Ant. Epistles to Peter of Antioch Panop. Panoply Sem. Edict (????????) on the Projected Excommunication of Patriarch Michael CFlor.(1439) Council of Florence Decr.Arm. Decree on the Armenians Def. Definition CFor.(796) Council of Frejus-Toulon [Concilium Forojuliense] Chrys. John Chrysostom Prod.Jud. On the Betrayal of Judas (De proditione Judae) Sac. On the Priesthood (De sacerdotio) Chyt. Or. David Chytraeus. Oratio de statu ecclesiarum hoc tempore in Graecia, Asia, Africa, Ungaria, Boemia, etc. (Oration on the Present State of the Churches in Greece, Asia, Africa, Hungary, Bohemia, etc.). Wittenberg, 1580 CLater.(649) First Lateran Council Act. Acts Can. Canons Clem. Clement of Alexandria Paed. Tutor (Paedogogus) Pasch.fr. On the Passover. Fragments Prot. Exhortation to the Greeks (Protrepticus) CLug.(1274) Const. Second Council of Lyons. Constitution CNic.(787) Second Council of Nicea Act. Acts Can. Canons Col.Afr. Ep.Thdr. Columbus of Africa et al. Epistle to Pope Theodore Conf.Dosith. Confession of Dositheus q. Questions Conf.Petr.Mog. Peter Mogila. Orthodox Confession of the Faith of the Catholic and Apostolic Eastern Church Conf.Sar. Confession of the Christian Faith against the Saracens Const.Pogon. Emperor Constantine IV Pogonatus Edict. Edict Sacr. Sacred Epistles Const.V. Emperor Constantine V Corp.iur.civ.Nov. Code of Justinian (Corpus iuris civilis). Novellae Cosm. Sl. Cosmas the Presbyter. Message (Slovo) Cydon. Moh. Demetrius Cydonius. Translation of Richardus. Against the Followers of Mohammed Cypr. Unit.eccl. Cyprian of Carthage. On the Unity of the Church (De unitate ecclesiae) Cyr. Cyril of Alexandria Chr.un. That Christ Is One (Quod unus sit Christus) Ep. Epistles Cyr.H. Catech Cyril of Jerusalem. Catechetical Lectures |
| Atzberger, Geschichte der Christlichen Eschatologie innerhalb der Vornizaenischen Zeit (Freiburg i/Br., 1896), s. 366–456; N. Bonwetsch, Die Theologie des Methodius von Olympus, Abhandlungen d. K. Gesellschaft d. Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Klasse, N.F. VII, 1904, s. 105 ff.; F. Prat, Origène, p. 87 ss.; G. Bardy, Origène, Dictionnaire de la Théologie Cath., t.XI, 1931, c. 1545 s.; R. Cadiou, La Jeunesse d’Origene, p. 117 ss.: «virtualité physique ou l’idée du corps,» »une idée active,» «à la fois une idée et une énergie» (p. 122, note); »l’âme conserve toujours les virtualités d’une vie physique proportionnées à ses besoins.« Cf. also Bp. Westcott’s article on Origen in Smith and Wace Dictionary, IV, 1887. 187 Among the late scholastics, Durandus of San Porciano must be mentioned, »doctor resolutissimus« (d. 1332 or 1334). He puts the question: »Supposito quod anima Petri fieret in materia quae fuit in corpore Pauli, utrum esset idem Petrus qui prius erat? and answers positively: «cuicumque materiae uniatur anima Petri in resurrectione, ex quo est eadem forma secundum numerum per consequens erit idem Petrus secundum numerum»; quoted by Fr. Segarra, S.J., De identitate corporis mortalis et corporis resurgentis (Madrid, 1929), p. 147. See Quaestiones de Novissimis, auctore L. Billot, S.J., Romae 1902, thesis XIII, p. 143 sq. 188 See St. Methodius’ De resurrectione in the complete edition of Bonwetsch, specially the 3rd book. Cf. Bonwetsch, opus cit. S. 119 ff.: J. Farges, Les idées morales et religieuses de Méthode d’Olympe (Paris, 1929); Folke Bostrom, Studier till den Grekiska Theologins Frälsningslära (Lund, 1932), s. 135 if. and passim. 189 Of St. Gregory of Nyssa’s writings, his dialogue De anima et resurrectione, his homilies De opificio hominis and the Great Catechetical oration are of special importance. See the introductory article of Srawley in his edition of the Catechetical oration, specially on the relation of St. Gregory to St. Methodius. Cf. |
| 6188 Although «from the Father» follows «hears» and not «learns,» word sequence interference was common in Greek (cf. the more extreme rhetorical device hyperbaton; Rowe, «Style,» 136; Anderson, Glossary, 121–22; Porter, «Paul and Letters,» 580; Black, «Oration at Olivet,» 87), though it has been abused as an exegetical expedient (Blass, Debrunner and Funk, Grammar, §477.1, p. 252); cf. anastrophe (Anderson, Glossary, 18–19; Rowe, «Style,» 136). 6190 Borgen, Bread, 150–51; idem, «Agent,» 145; Schnackenburg, John, 2:52. Philós heavenly Israel «who sees God» (Philo Confusion 146; Alleg. Interp. 1.43, cited by Borgen, «Agent,» 145) probably reflects Philós love for etymology rather than broader tradition. 6191 Verses 50 and 58 employ language characteristic of Johannine confessions (οτς στ, e.g., 1:30, 33–34; 4:29, 42; 6:14; 7:40–41). For the «descent» and «from heaven/above» motifs, see comment on earlier passages. 6192 Cf. the rhetorical techniques of διλογα (Anderson, Glossary, 37; Rhetorical Theory, 228, noting its value for grandeur and vividness, citing Demetrius 103, 211); διαλλαγ (emphasis through using different terms; Anderson, Glossary, 33; Rhetorical Theory, 170, citing Quintilian 9.3.49); anaphora (following 6:48; Rowe, «Style,» 131; Anderson, Glossary, 19; idem, Rhetorical Theory, 170). 6194 Cf., e.g., Anderson, Christology, 87–89, 135; Segalla, «Struttura»; Barrett, Essays, 48. Dwelling on a point (επιμον; see Anderson, Glossary, 53) and developing matters through expansion (see pp. 18–19) were accepted rhetorical techniques. 6196 See esp. Apocrit. 3.7–8. Some sophists used shock techniques to grasp their hearers» attention (e.g., Philostostratus Vit. soph. 2.29.621; cf. the figure of controversia in Quintilian 9.2.65–95; Black, «Oration at Olivet,» 88; cf. emphasis, giving a term an unusual sense to grab attention, Rowe, «Style,» 127; Porter, «Paul and Letters,» 579); others used obscure teachings to weed out less committed disciples (see Xenophon Mem. 4.2.8–40; Diogenes Laertius 3.63; 8.1.15; Keener, Matthew, 378–79). |
| And always keep in mind a central truth about knowledge, epistemology as the philosophers call it. However much we know, we never get far below the surface and our understanding is always limited; tomorrow we may come across new evidence that undermines our current theory. The Fathers were deeply aware of this. Positive statements about the faith are seen in the context of the fundamental truth that God is ‘ανκφραστος, απερινητος, αρατος, ακατληπτος, [Anaphora in the liturgy of St John Chrysostom]. Fundamental realities are beyond the grasp of our mind, and cannot adequately be expressed in words. Thirdly, and finally, let us emulate the Fathers in their courage in the face of adversity. We tend to contrast our complex world with its scattered and weak Christian communities with the great Christian Εmpire of the fourth century. Your reading will show you the great complexity and fluidity of this period. Had Julian, the apostate Emperor, the fellow-student of Sts Basil & Gregory, not died in battle with the Persians, in the third year of his reign, the church might have sustained decades of persecution. What a tiny flock was there for Gregory in Constantinople, surrounded by ravening wolves, and the greatest preacher the Church has ever known died from ill-treatment in exile. Reading Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers This nineteenth century translation was re-printed in recent times and can easily be found. The quotations in this article are from here, unless otherwise indicated. John McGuckin, St Gregory Nazianzus, an intellectual biography, SVS Press, 2001 St Gregory Oration 38tr. Hopko The Winter Pascha SVS Press 1984, p 25 McGuckin p 117f 5. To Nektarios on the death of his son St Gregory Oration 20.5 Letter to Theodore of Tyana De vita sua 1466-1471 PG 37.1129 tr McGuckin p 259 Letter 14 tr. by Newman with slight modification Extracts from Letter 2 Letters 188, 199 & 217 tr. Classics of Western Spirituality Paulist Press 1978 Code for blog Since you are here… …we do have a small request. More and more people visit Orthodoxy and the World website. However, resources for editorial are scarce. In comparison to some mass media, we do not make paid subscription. It is our deepest belief that preaching Christ for money is wrong. |
| Another strand in the theological tradition Maximus is heir to is less explicit than that represented by the Cappadocian Fathers, but much more fundamental, and that is the Alexandrian Christological tradition of Athanasius and Cyril. He is heir to this principally because this was the dominant tradition in Byzantine theology from the sixth century onwards. It is important to realize how much he took for granted the Cyrilline Chalcedonianism he inherited: his opposition to Monothelitism is worked out within this tradition, not as a criticism of that tradition. He is wholly committed to the Alexandrian understanding of the Incarnation as the Son of God’s assuming a human nature and living a human life, with its corollary in the validity of theopaschite language. This comes out in two of the ‘later’ Difficulties (though several years earlier than Maximus’ involvement in the Monothelite controversy). These are Amb. 2 and 4 (neither of them translated here), which also bring out the difficulty Maximus had with Gregory’s Christological language. Amb. 2 is concerned with a passage from Gregory’s Third Theological Oration in which he counters the Arian argument that one who is God cannot be said to hunger, sleep or fear, all of which are attributed to Christ, by saying: ‘And, in a word, what is exalted is to be ascribed to the Godhead, to that nature which is superior to sufferings and the body, what is lowly is to be ascribed to the composite that for your sake emptied himself and took flesh and–it is no worse to say–became a man.’ The reason why this poses a difficulty for Maximus is the way in which it seems to keep suffering away from the Godhead and thus possibly compromise the unity of Christ’s person (though Gregory’s language here is in fact very careful). Maximus’ response is a paraphrase of Gregory that emphasizes the unity of subject in Christ and, in particular, expressly justifies theopaschite language by using, and repeating, an expression from Gregory’s Fourth Theological Oration–‘God passible’. The same concern is found in Amb. 4 where he says, ‘therefore he was also truly a suffering God, and the very same was truly a wonder-working man, because also there was a true hypostasis of true natures according to an ineffable union’ (1045A). Maximus’ defence of two wills in the Incarnate Christ is not intended to suggest that there are two subjects in Christ, but to safeguard the full humanity in which the Second Person of the Godhead lives out a human life. A TRADITION OF COSMIC THEOLOGY: DENYS THE AREOPAGITE |
| 71 Themistius . Περ τς το βασιλως φιληκοας, 222B8// Downey G. Themistii orationes quae supersunt. Leipzig, 1965. Vol. 1. P. 311–325. 72 Callistus Angelicudes . Refutatio Thomae Aquinae// Papadopoulos S. G . Καλλστου γγελικοδη κατ Θωμ κιντου. Athens, 1970. P. 297. 73 Ephraem Syrus . Institutio ad monachos// Phrantzoles K. G . σου φραμ το Σρου ργα. Thessalonica, 1994. Vol. 5. P. 351; рус. пер.: Ефрем Сирин, прп. Творения. Сергиев Посад, 1912. Т. 3. С. 345. 74 Pseudo-Macarius . Opusculum 1 (=De custodia cordis)//PG. Vol. 34. Col. 828; Pseudo-Macarius. Epistula magna// Jaeger W. Two rediscovered works of ancient Christian literature: Gregory of Nyssa and Macarius. Leiden, 1954. P. 275. 75 Pseudo-Macarius. Sermones 64 (collectio B), 15:1.3.5// Макарий Египетский, прп. Духовные слова и послания. Афон-Москва, 2015. С. 421. 76 Ibid. 49:2.9.6//Там же. С. 604. 77 Epiphanius . Panarion (=Adversus haereses)// Holl K. Epiphanius: Ancoratus und Panarion Leipzig, 1915. Bd. 1. S. 395. 78 Origenes. Selecta in Psalmos [Dub.] (fragmenta e catenis)//PG. Vol. 12. Col. 1669. 79 Pachomius Rhusanus. Ep. 3// Karmires J. N. Π. ουσνος κα τ νκδοτα δογματικ κα λλα ργα ατο. Athens, 1935. P. 207. 80 Ibid. P. 208. 81 Ibid. 82 Damascenus Studites . Thesaurus. Oration 35:10// Deledemou E. Θησαυρς Δαμασκηνο το ποδιακνου κα Στουδτου. New York, 1943. P. 2–540; см. также о нетленной божественной пище: Damascenus Studites . Thesaurus. Oration 6:10. 83 Manuel II Palaeologus. Dialogi cum mahometano. Dialogue 12// Trapp E. Manuel II. Palaiologos. Dialoge mit einem “Perser”. Vienna, 1966. S. 146. 84 Neophytus Encleistus. Commentarius in psalmos. Chapter 8. Psalm 110// Δετορακες Θ . ρμηνεα το ψαλτρος// Ζαχαρπουλος Ν . γου Νεοφτου το γκλεστου Συγγρμματα. Πφος, 2001. Τ. 4. Σ. 232–529. 85 Symeon Neotheologus . Orationes ethicae, 4:1.523; рус. пер.: Симеон Новый Богослов , прп . Слово 84, 2// Симеон Новый Богослов , прп . Слова. С. 414. 86 Symeon Neotheologus . Gratiarum actiones II, 35:63; рус. пер.: Симеон Новый Богослов , прп . Слово 90, 3// Симеон Новый Богослов , прп . Слова. С. 484. |
| 366–456; N. Bonwetsch, Die Theologie des Methodius von Olympus, Abhandlungen d. K. Gesellschaft d. Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Phil.-Hist. Klasse, N.F. VII, 1904, s. 105 ff.; F. Prat, Origene, p. 87 ss.; G. Bardy, Origene, Dictionnaire de la Theologie Cath., t.XI, 1931, c. 1545 s.; R. Cadiou, La Jeunesse d " Origene, p. 117 ss.: «virtualite physique ou Γ idee du corps/» nune idee active/» «a la fois une idee et une energie» (p. 122, note); Ídme conserve toujours les virtualites d " une vie physique proportionnees a ses besoins.» Cf. also Bp. Westcott " s article on Origen in Smith and Wace Dictionary, IV, 1887. 65 Among the late scholastics, Durandus of San Porciano must be mentioned, " " doctor resolutissimus» (d. 1332 or 1334). He puts the question: «Supposito quod anima Petri fieret in mater ia quae fuit in cor pore Pauli, utrum esset idem Petrus qui prius erat? and answers positively: «cuicumque materiae uniatur anima Petri in resurrectione, ex quo est eadem forma secundum numerum per consequens erit idem Petrus secundum numerum»; quoted by Fr. Segarra, S.J., De identhate corporis mortalis et corporis re-surgenus (Madrid, 1929), p. 147. See Quaestiones de Novissimis, auctore L. Billot, S.J., Romae 1902, thesis ΧΙΠ, p. 143 sq. 66 See St. Methodius» De resurrectione in the complete edition of Bonwetsch, specially the 3rd book. Cf. Bonwetsch, opus cit., S. 119 ff.: J. Farges, Les idees morales et religieuses de Methode d " Olympe (Paris, 1929); Folke Bostrom, Studier till den Grekiska Theologins Fralsningslara (Lund, 1932), s. 135 ff. and passim. 67 Of St. Gregory of Nyssás writings, his dialogue De anima et resurrectione, his homilies De opificio hominis and the Great Catechetical oration are of special importance. See the introductory article of Srawley in his edition of the Catechetical oration, specially on the relation of St. Gregory to St. Methodius. Cf. Hilt, Des heil. Gregors von Nyssa Lehre vom Menschen (Koln, 1890); F. Kiekamp, Die Gotteslehre des heiligen Gregor von Nyssa, I (Miinster, 1895), s. |
| 1–2 Clement Clement of Alexandria Strom. Clement of Alexandria Stromata Cod. justin. Codex justinianus Cod. theod. Codex theodosianus column Colossians Columella Arb. Rust. De arboribus (On Trees) De re rustica (On Agriculture) 1–2 Cor 1–2Corinthians Cornelius Nepos Cornelius Nepos Generals Cornutus Nat. d. Cornutus De natura deorum Corp. herm. Corpus hermeticum Corpus papyrorum judaicorum Cyn. Ep. The Cynic Epistles: A Study Edition. Edited by Abraham J. Malherbe. Missoula, Mont., 1977 Daniel Demetrius Demetrius On Style (De elocutione) Demosthenes Ag. Androtion Against Androtion On the Crown Epistles Oration Deuteronomy Deut. Rab. Deuteronomy Rabbah Didache Digest Dio Cassius R.H. Dio Cassius Roman History Dio Chrysostom Or. Dio Chrysostom Oration Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca historica Diogenes Laertius Diogenes Laertius Lives of Eminent Philosophers Diogn. Diognetus Dionysius of Halicarnassus Second Letter to Ammaeus Demosth. Demosthenes I so crates Lit. Comp. Literary Composition Roman Antiquities Thucyd. Thucydides Discourses Dead Sea Discoveries Dead Sea Scrolls Ecclesiastes Ecc1. Rab. Ecclesiastes Rabbah c Eduyyot 1–3 En. 1–3 Enoch (2 En. has recensions A and J) Epistle (Cynic Epistles) Epistle of Jeremiah Ephesians Epictetus Diatr. Diatr ibai Enchiridion Epid. inscr. Epidauros inscription epilogue Epiphanius Pan. Panarion (Refutation of All Heresies) c Erub. c Erubin 1 Esdras especially EstBib Estudios btblicos Esther Esth. Rab. Esther Rabbah Eunapius Lives Eunapius Lives of the Sophists Euripides Alcestis Andromache Bacch. Bacchanals Cyclops Electra Hecuba Herac1. Children of Hercules Herc. fur. Madness of Hercules Hippolytus Iph. aul Iphigeneia at Aulis Iph. taur. Iphigeneia at Tauris Orest. Orestes Phoen. Phoenician Maidens Supp1. Suppliants Daughters of Troy Eusebius Hist. ecc1. Ecclesiastical History Praep. ev. Preparation for the Gospel Evangelical Quarterly Exodus Exod. Rab. Exodus Rabbah ExpTim Expository Times Ezekiel and the following one(s) |
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