| Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, Michael D. Peterson Скачать epub pdf WESTERN INFLUENCES WESTERN INFLUENCES. With the decline of Byzantium (q.v.) in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, both ecclesiastical and civil officials were increasingly obliged to take into account the rising power of Western Europe and Roman Catholicism (q.v.). Theologically, the issue of the filioque (q.v.) raised questions that, in spite of polemic, were given serious consideration by Byzantine theologians. The list of seven sacraments seems to have come from the West following the failed Reunion Council (qq.v.) at Lyons in 1274. Vigorous efforts at the translation of patristic and medieval Latin texts, including Augustine of Hippo (q.v.) and Thomas Aquinas, began in the 14th c. and were still in process at the time of the Empire’s fall to the Ottomans in 1453. While these efforts at dialogue and reassessment were significant, the story of Western influences on Orthodox thought begin properly with the end of Byzantium and the collapse of an educated Orthodox elite. Higher education for Christians in the Ottoman Empire (q.v.) was impossible, short of conversion to Islam (q.v.), and the promising young men of Greek families were increasingly sent to universities in Italy and Germany. Similarly, the rule of Poland over most of the territories of Kievan Rus’ led to the adoption of Latin Scholasticism (qq.v.) as the theological method even by those Orthodox intent on avoiding the Unia (q.v.) of 1596. (See Peter Mogila.) In the empire of Austria, a like process went on in the Orthodox-dominated principality of Transylvania and the border regions of Croatia inhabited by Serbs. As a result, by the late 18th c. all the formal theology being taught in the Orthodox oikoumene (qq.v.) was of a distinctively Western flavor. The reforms of Peter the Great (q.v.) in Russia, where clergy were educated in Latin until the early 19th c., and the rise of the nation-states in the Balkans (q.v.) completed the picture. In a sense, this process was inevitable, given the general rise to world dominance of Western European culture. The situation remains with us today. Historical studies by Russian theologians in the 19th c. lent unexpected assistance to a simultaneous movement of Eastern monastic renewal, which had been begun by Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain and Paisii Velichkovsky (qq.v.). The pendulum has swung from West to East in the last two centuries throughout the Orthodox oikoumene. The question of the proper balance between the classical theology of the Church Fathers (q.v.) and the thought and methodology of the West is a legitimate one. The rise of Scholasticism and the Enlightenment is something that, mutatis mutandis, every Christian community is required to confront. Читать далее Источник: The A to Z of the Orthodox Church/Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, Michael D. Peterson - Scarecrow Press, 2010. - 462 p. ISBN 1461664039 Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное |
| Archive Faithful of the Moscow Patriarchate celebrate the Nativity of Christ 12 January 2023 year 12:51 On January 7, 2023, the feast of the Nativity of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, the Divine Liturgy was celebrated at the Church of Ss. Constantine and Helen, Equal-to-the-Apostles, located in the territory of the summer residence of Russia’s Consulate General in Istanbul. Officiating was Rev. Georgy Sergeyev who is responsible for taking pastoral care of the Russian Orthodox Church’s flock in the Republic of Turkey. Over one hundred people attended, many partook of the Holy Mysteries of Christ. The Moscow Patriarchate’s faithful residing in Bursa arrived in Istanbul to attend Christmas Liturgy. After the divine service Fr. Georgy read out the Christmas Message of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus’ and greeted all the worshippers. Children who attended the service received Christmas gifts. The Divine Liturgy was celebrated for the first time for the community in Ankara. Officiating at the service that was held in the Rossotrudnichestvo building was Rev. Yevgeny Dolya, a cleric of the Moscow region diocese, who has arrived in Turkey with the blessing of the authorities of the Russian Orthodox Church. Attending the service were over one hundred people, including the employees of the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Ankara and Mr. Alexander Sotnichenko, director of the Russian House in the capital of the Republic of Turkey. The Divine Liturgy was celebrated for the faithful residing in Antalya Province on Christmas. Rev. Alexey Golovin, responsible for taking pastoral care of the Russian-speaking flock in Antalya, officiated. Attending were over one hundred and twenty people from Kemer, Side and Manavgat. Rev. Dimitry Bogatyr celebrated the Divine Liturgy on Christmas for over one hundred and twenty faithful in Alanya. Christmas divine services were celebrated on January 6 and 7 for the Russian employees working at the construction of the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant by hieromonk Pallady (Bystrov) from the Holy Trinity and St. Sergius Laura currently taking pastoral care of the community. Divine services were celebrated on January 6 and 7 for over forty people in the cities of Kuadasi, Aydyn Province, and Izmir located on the west coast of Turkey washed by the Aegean Sea. Officiating was Rev. Alexander Brilenkov who has arrived in Turkey with the blessing of the authorities of the Russian Orthodox Church. On January 9, Rev. Georgy Sergeyev celebrated the Divine Liturgy for the Moscow Patriarchate’s faithful residing in the Turkish city of Samsun on the Black Sea coast. On January 12, he celebrated Christmas service in Eskiehir located 300 km south-west of Istanbul. DECR Communication Service /Patriarchia.ru Календарь ← 7 December 2023 year |
| The early patristic writers, putting them together, came up with an enumeration of five different ranks. Dionysius the Areopagite added to that list of five the separate ranks of Angel, Archangel, Seraph, and Cherubim, and thus set out the definitive list of the “Nine Orders” of the angels which would form the basic understanding of both the Latin and Eastern churches ever after (in ascending order: Angels, Archangels, Principalities, Powers, Virtues, Dominions, Thrones, Cherubim, and Seraphim). The Seraphim occupied the seventh heaven alongside God, and their proximity to the Divine Presence resulted in their eruption into pure fire (in such a way are they always depicted in iconography). The Cherubim were the living throne of God (a prayer recalling this is said by the priest as he moves to the high place during the divine liturgy in the course of the singing of the Trisagion hymn). The angels were seen to be endowed with almost infinite mobility and vast powers. From the Byzan- tine-era liturgy onwards, the deacons often assumed a role of symbolizing the angelic orders attendant on the liturgy, and the imperial eunuchs (sexless, as Jesus had said the angels were in heaven: Mk. 12.25 ) had the special task of singing the Cherubic hymn at the time of the Great Entrance: “We who in a mystery represent the Cherubim, and sing the thrice holy hymn to the life- creating trinity, now lay aside all earthly cares, that we may receive the King of all who comes escorted by the ranks of unseen angels.” Devotion to the angels in the Orthodox Church has always been strong, and continues to this day as a marked aspect of normal Christian life. They are referred to as the “Bodiless Powers,” and several feasts in the course of the year are dedicated to them, especially to Michael and Gabriel, known as the Taxiarchs (leader of heavenly hosts). Ordinary Mondays in the Orthodox week are dedicated to them. The Sticheron for Vespers dedicated to the bodiless powers reads as follows: “Most radiant attendants of the triune Godhead; you angels who serve as supreme commanders, with all the powers on high you cry out rejoicing – Holy are you O Co-Eternal Word; Holy are you the Holy Spirit; one glory, one kingdom, one nature, one Godhead and power.” SEE ALSO: Cherubikon; Communion of Saints; Divine Liturgy, Orthodox REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READINGS Danielou, J. (1952) “Les anges et leurs mission d’apres les Peres de l’Eglise,” Irenikon 5. Frank, K. S. (1964) Angelikos Bios. Munster: Graumann. Читать далее Источник: The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity/John Anthony McGuckin - Maldin : John Wiley; Sons Limited, 2012. - 862 p. Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное |
| Archive Primacy of Constantinople is the primacy of service, not of power 11 February 2021 year 12:26 In his interview for Romfea Greek news agency, Metropolitan Isaiah of Tamassos and Oreini, hierarch of the Church of Cyprus, emphasised that by recognising the schismatics in Ukraine the Patriarchate of Constantinople showed disregard for religious rights of 13 million of believers of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church who do not want to sever relations with the Russian Church. The hierarch pointed out that certain geopolitical processes have had their impact on the current situation in the Orthodox world and said that when it comes to the Ukrainian ecclesiastical issue it is erroneous to confuse the “the history and theology of the Orthodox Church with foreign policy of the states.” As the archpastor warned, the present situation may lead to tragic consequences for the Orthodox unity. Metropolitan Isaiah expressed his sincere belief that division is not the goal pursued by the Ecumenical Patriarchate which, in his opinion, got associated “with people who have other interests.” The primacy of Constantinople is the primacy of service, not of power, the hierarch reminded. As he noted in the interview, primus “does not govern other Churches, but serves them by playing a coordinating and unquestionably historical and theological role given to him by Orthodoxy.” “What we hear about ‘first without equals’ worries us, and I would like it to be mere academic studies misinterpreted from the theological point of view, rather than conviction in one’s power,” Metropolitan Isaiah said. “To tell the truth as you feel it is not a step against the Ecumenical Patriarchate. If you love someone you tell them what you believe in,” the hierarch added, emphasising that to him “the Ecumenical Patriarchate is the cradle of… Byzantine civilisation,.. one of the most holy institutions of Orthodoxy, the ark of both theology and Byzantine culture.” For this reason, he continued, “we will never take any steps that may deliberately harm the Ecumenical Patriarchate, but we will not be silent if something is wrong in our view.” The situation that has arisen in the world Orthodoxy because of the Ukrainian issue is “an ordeal that we will live through, an opportunity for spiritual revival, both institutional and personal,” Metropolitan Isaiah also said, “God will help us if we help ourselves first.” “With heartache and alarm I present in this interview the voice of my conscience as a hierarch and commend myself to the judgement of God and history,” the archpastor added. DECR Communication Service /Patriarchia.ru Календарь ← 7 December 2023 year |
| Archive Metropolitan of Volokolamsk Hilarion on the Annulment of Anti-Church Provisions in Montenegro’s Laws 7 February 2021 year 17:04 At the end of January, the president of Montenegro Milo ukanovi was obliged to sign into law amendments made by parliament on freedom of conscience, thereby abolishing provisions of legislations which were discriminatory towards the Serbian Orthodox Church. The amendments to the notorious 2019 law were voted for by the new parliament, in which for the first time in thirty years the pro-presidential party found itself in opposition. Commenting on this event on air in the The Church and the World TV programme, the chairman of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate the metropolitan of Volokolamsk Hilarion stated that ukanovi “at the time when his party was in power enacted a law by which church buildings could be taken away from the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro, and this caused a huge wave of protest throughout all of Montenegro.” “Thousands of people, in spite of the restrictions brought in at the start of the pandemic, came out onto the streets to make clear that they would not hand over their churches and holy sites. The bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro, including the ever-memorable metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral Amphilochius, fought for this discriminatory law to be abolished,” said the chairman of the DECR. He believes that it was the stubborn position of the Montenegrin president, who insisted that this law be brought into effect, is what led to his party being defeated. “The people will never forgive any attempts to get rid of holy sites,” metropolitan Hilarion emphasized, noting that ukanovi “did not heed the voice of the bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church and those who had warned him what would happen.” “And it happened – and now his party finds itself in opposition,” continued the metropolitan. “The party which called for the removal of the discriminatory parts of the law won and now these discriminatory parts have been removed.” Metropolitan Hilarion is confident that this event is a huge victory for both the Serbian Orthodox Church and for all of canonical Orthodoxy. “Mr. ukanovi wanted to repeat in Montenegro that which happened in Ukraine under president Poroshenko. He achieved this only in as far as his political career is over in much the same way as Mr. Poroshenko’s political career is over. But the canonical church stood its ground and will stand its ground.” At the same time, His Eminence noted that the Serbian Church’s victory came at a price. In the autumn of 2020, the metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral Amphilochius died from coronavirus; he did more than anybody to ensure that the discriminatory parts of the law on freedom of conscience in Montenegro would be removed. DECR Communication Service /Patriarchia.ru Календарь ← 7 December 2023 year |
| Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, Michael D. Peterson Скачать epub pdf EXORCISM EXORCISM. We do not know as much as we would like about the content and expression of the daily exorcisms that accompanied instruction in the early catechumenate. The texts we have are the same or similar to those that begin the reception into the catechumenate; and these are known to be markedly different in scope and specificity from the daily exorcisms that were performed by the catechists. It would be safe to say that the exorcisms that we now have were the summary statements made by the clergy over the newly enlisted Christian, claiming that person for the Church and removing him from the power of evil. Similarly, the daily exorcisms most probably dealt with very specific sins (q.v.), which were to be overcome before Baptism (q.v.) could take place. It is pointless to propose for this daily practice any of the curious aspects of exorcism currently popular in the American media, when what was most likely at stake was good, sound spiritual direction against sin over a prolonged period of time. This spiritual approach gives us a principle related to the ethics of the way (q.v.) of the Lord, or two ways, providing practical advice for the daily spiritual life of the catechumen, and at the same time demanding accountability from him. When the adult catechumenate is restored, the first three exorcism prayers of the baptismal service should be included at the beginning of catechesis (q.v.), or perhaps interspersed throughout it; and they should be explained as claiming that person for the Kingdom of God and the Church, and removing him or her from the power of evil. Throughout the catechetical period, the teaching of the Two Ways may serve as a guide to deal with specific sins, which are to be overcome before reception into the Church can take place. This is to provide continuing practical advice for the daily spiritual life of the catechumen. The process logically and naturally leads to the individual’s later participation in the sacrament of Confession (qq.v.). Basically, catechesis, exorcism, and confession require good, sound spiritual direction against sin, and accountability to God (q.v.). Читать далее Источник: The A to Z of the Orthodox Church/Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, Michael D. Peterson - Scarecrow Press, 2010. - 462 p. ISBN 1461664039 Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное |
| Metropolitan Anthony of Boryspil and Brovary: " We must exert every effort for maintenance of peace in the country " Kiev, January 21, 2014 On January 21, 2014, on Grushevsky Street in the center of Kiev, where the confrontation between participants of the rally and the law-enforcement agencies has taken place for two days, several monks of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church stopped the power actions of the sides and called for reconciliation. The chancellor of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church Metropolitan Anthony of Boryspil and Brovary has commented upon this situation: For two months we have been observing protest actions, ongoing in Kiev and other cities of the Ukraine. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church has more than once called upon the authorities and the opposition to sit down at the bargaining table in order to prevent military confrontations. Unfortunately, on the feast of the Baptism of the Lord a considerable aggravation of the conflict took place, when on Grushevsky Street in Kiev clashes between participants of the rally and the law-enforcement agencies began. Hundreds of people have already been injured and some even have grave bodily injuries. All attempts by politicians to stop the violence have yielded no results. In this situation, several monks of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church this morning went out to Grushevsky Street with a cross and an icon, stood between police squads and protesters and addressed everybody with the call to make peace with each other. With help of God, they managed to stop the hostility. We approve this action of simple monks, who at the call of their Christian conscience went out to the epicenter of the confrontation and addressed the people with the word of the Gospel. The Lord calls us to peace and concord: " Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God " (Mathew 5:9), Christ says. The mission of the church is neither in stirring-up political passions nor in struggle for power, but it is in spiritual perfection of people, in maintenance of public peace. We must understand that the situation has considerably radicalized in the country over last several days, we have found ourselves almost on the verge of a civil war. Today we all are responsible for the future of our motherland. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church is again and again calling upon all sides to stop the violence and to sit down at bargaining table. This is not the time for political ambitions. We must exert every effort to maintain peace in the country, for preservation of our native Ukraine. We are offering up prayers for the Ukraine and for its people. May the Lord help us find a way out of this difficult situation. Pravoslavie.ru 22 января 2014 г. Смотри также Мы в соцсетях Подпишитесь на нашу рассылку |
| Archive Metropolitan Tikhon of All America and Canada presides at the Divine Liturgy at St. Nicholas Russian Cathedral in New York City on the day of its patronal feast 20 December 2021 year 18:22 On Sunday, December 19, 2021, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, and at the invitation of His Grace Matthew Bishop of Sourozh and Administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in the USA & Canada, His Beatitude Metropolitan Tikhon presided at the Divine Liturgy at New York City’s Saint Nicholas Patriarchal Cathedral on the day of the Cathedral’s patronal feast. Concelebrating with His Beatitude were Archpriest George Konyev, Chancellor of the Patriarchal Parishes in the USA, Archpriest Alexander Golubov, Igumen Nikodim, Dean of the Cathedral and Secretary of the Administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes of the USA, and Priest Alessandro Margheritino, Secretary of the Orthodox Church in America. Metropolitan Tikhon’s delegation included Deacon Peter Ilchuk, Executive Secretary to the Metropolitan. After the Divine Liturgy, Igumen Nikodim shared the greetings of Bishop Matthew who welcomed His Beatitude, and noted his regrets for not being able to participate in the celebration. Metropolitan Tikhon offered his greetings to both His Holiness Patriarch Kirill and Bishop Matthew, thanking them for the opportunity to celebrate the Divine Liturgy on such beautiful and joyous day in which we honor the beloved Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, Archbishop of Myra in Lycia. His Beatitude also thanked Father George and the Cathedral’s clergy for their hospitality and love. In his homily at the end of the Divine Liturgy , His Beatitude pointed out that, “In today’s Gospel, we read that the crowds gathered around the Lord Jesus Christ and ‘sought to touch him, for power went out from him and healed them all.’ Perhaps, hearing this, we wish that we, too, could have seen Jesus with our eyes, touched him with our hands, and have received healing for the wounds of our bodies, our souls, our hearts. But of course, the Lord is always present to us, not just spiritually, in our inner being, but physically, through the saints.” Metropolitan Tikhon then remarked that, “Wherever there is sanctity, there is Jesus Christ. And in some cases, in accordance with God’s providence, the holiness of a person is so great that, even after his death, his body remains with us, visibly full of God’s healing grace, always making Christ’s power present in our lives. This is the case with Saint Nicholas.” At the conclusion of the liturgical celebration, His Beatitude and his delegation were welcomed to the parish hall to share a festal meal with the Cathedral’s community in honor of their patron saint. During the meal, Metropolitan Tikhon and Bishop Matthew were able to speak on the phone and exchange greetings of the feast. DECR Communication Service /Patriarchia.ru Календарь ← 7 December 2023 year |
| Создание иконографического типа Восстания Христова из Гроба, специфически связанного с богословием иконопочитателей, в частности, указывает и на то, что византийцы-иконофилы, защищая традицию, отнюдь не оказывали предпочтение статическому и шаблонному искусству. Они использовали разнообразные элементы изобразительного наследия для воплощения истин Православной Церкви и противостояния ереси. В этом процессе развития богословия изображения реликвий и священных мест играли важную роль. Antony Eastmond Byzantine identity and relics of the True Cross in the thirteenth century The True Cross played a central role in the promotion and definition of Byzantine imperial identity. The discovery and possession of the True Cross, and the granting of fragments of it as gifts were all signifiers of imperial power throughout the lifetime of the Byzantine empire. The relationship between relics and power – the ways in which relics were used to authenticate and legitimise rulers in Christian states – has been well established by Peter Brown and others from the fourth and fifth centuries on 556 . This paper will examine the use of relics at a time of crisis, ft focuses on the period after 1204, after the fall of Constantinople to the forces of the Fourth Crusade. This fragmented the political structure of the Byzantine state as many rivals emerged to challenge for the imperial title of ‘emperor and autocrat of the Romans’. It also disrupted the traditional relationship between the emperor of New Rome and the relics of Christ’s passion. Where once these had been concentrated in the chapels of the Great Palace in Constantinople, and especially in the chapel of the Theotokos of Pharos, now they were looted, dispersed and transported in vast quantities to the West. My interest lies in the way in which possession of the True Cross was used by the successor states of Byzantium after 1204 as a means of evoking and even redefining their power and legitimacy. The importance of the True Cross as a witness of Christ " s passion means that to construct an argument that links it to expressions of power is problematic. |
| Based on the above-mentioned facts, with hardheartedness of the hierarchy of the Church of Jerusalem and powerlessness of other Local Orthodox Churches somehow to settle the conflict in accordance with canon law, the Church of Antioch makes the decision to break off the Eucharistic communion with the See of Jerusalem. Thus, reminding that the Archdiocese of Baghdad, Kuwait and the Arabian Peninsula, embracing Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman and Yemen, is the jurisdiction of the Church of Antioch and any other Orthodox presence on this territory must be regulated by church traditions and canons, the Holy Council of Antioch has ruled: —To ask the Patriarch of Antioch not to pray for the Patriarch of Jerusalem in the diptych; —To annul the second clause of the resolution 2-5/2013, adopted at the meeting in October 2013 as useless, in full measure restoring the Antiochian Church presence in all countries of the jurisdiction of our Church; —To ask His Beatitude to address heads of the Local Orthodox Churches to familiarize themselves with this resolution and with the request to settle the present conflict, which is posing a threat to the universal witnessing of unity of the Church; —To authorize His Beatitude to take all necessary measures to implement the present resolutions or their abolition in case of a settlement of the conflict. After discussing other matters, the fathers of the Council offered up prayers for peace in the region and all around the world, addressing all their brothers with Paschal greetings, asking them for their holy prayers for all Antiochian lands, so that Christ, Who died and risen from the dead, should fill them with the power of His Radiant and Glorious Resurrection. Pravoslavie.ru 5 мая 2014 г. Подпишитесь на рассылку Православие.Ru Рассылка выходит два раза в неделю: Предыдущий Следующий Смотри также Fr Touma Bitar on the Situation in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem Archimandrite Touma (Bitar) Fr Touma Bitar on the Situation in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem Archimandrite Touma (Bitar) Woe to anyone who causes one of these little ones to stumble! Woe to those who feed themselves but do not feed the sheep!The lambs of the See of Jerusalem do not have anyone who feeds them! Why? Because they are Arab! Church of Antioch may break off relations with Patriarchate of Jerusalem Church of Antioch may break off relations with Patriarchate of Jerusalem The Greek Church news agency Romphea has reported the decision of the Synod of the Church of Antioch regarding the issue of jurisdiction over the state of Qatar, stated by the Patriarch of Antioch. |
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