| 3362 B. Ned. 32a, bar.; Pesah. 68b; Gen. Rab. 4(R. Meir, second century); Exod. Rab. 37:4; Pesiq. Rab. 21:21; perhaps 1 En. 2(cosmic law in the Ethiopie; the Aramaic here is illegible); 72:2; 73:1: 74:1; 76:14; 78:10; 79:1–2; 1QM 10.12–13. This identifying of creative Wisdom and Torah «corresponded in an astonishing way with the Stoic idea of the world nomos and the moral law ordering the life of the individual» (Hengel, Judaism, 1:170; see comments on natural law in our introductory chapter on the prologue). 3363 M. " Abot 1:2; b. Ned. 32a, bar., R. Judah; p. Ta c an. 4:2, §13; Deut. Rab. 8:5; thus Resh Lakish (third-century Palestine) declared that had Israel not accepted Torah, God would have returned creation to nonexistence (b. c Abod. Zar. 3a, 5a; Šabb. 88a; echoed by later rabbis in Exod. Rab. 40:1; 47:4; Num. Rab. 2:6; Ruth Rab. proem 1); Israel " s existence also depends on observing Torah (Mek. c Am. 1.6–7). For practicing the cosmic law, cf. similarly Hengel, Judaism, 1:170. 3364 B. Sanh. 113b, bar.; p. c Abod. Zar. 2:1, §1; Pesiq. Rab Kah. 19:6; Pesiq. Rab Kah. Sup. 1:11; cf. m. " Abot 1:2, 18; perhaps Isa 51:16; Rom 9:22–23 ; 2Pet 3:9 . This could apply specifically to Israel (e.g., L.A.B. 44:6–8; b. Ta c an. 3b, third century; Exod. Rab. 2:5; Num. Rab. 1:3; Deut. Rab. 7:7, bar.; Song Rab. 7:1, §1; Pesiq. Rab. 11:5), to Moses and David (Sipre Deut. 26.1.1), or the patriarchs (Sipra Behuq. pq. 8.269.2.5; Lev. Rab. 36:5) such as Abraham (e.g., Gen. Rab. 12:9, Tannaitic; Ruth Rab. proem 7; Pesiq. Rab Kah. Sup. 1:20) or Jacob (Gen. Rab. 96 MSV, Tannaitic); or the sages (Targum to 1 Chr 4:23). The merit of the righteous also preserved localities (e.g., b. Ta c an. 21b). 3365 «Abot R. Nat. 31, §66; Gen. Rab. 1:4, 10; 12(fourth century); Lev. Rab. 23(fourth century); Song Rab. 5:11, §4; Pesiq. Rab. 4:3; 21:21; cf. Co1. 1:15–16; Davies, Paul, 171 (who seeks to press the earlier m. »Abot 1into use). R. Akiba reportedly said this especially of Song of Songs (Song Rab. 1:11, §11), perhaps to keep it canonized. Some thus said that the world was created on the merit of Torah (Num. Rab. 13:15–16; 14:12), and that Torah was greater than creation (reportedly third-century Palestinian source in Exod. Rab. 47:5; Pesiq. Rab. 21:21; 51:1). |
| 4187 Hanhart, «Tenth Hour,» 345, suggests that John had two fixed points on his festival calendar, with John 19 to be read on Nisan 14 and John 1 on Nisan 15. 4188 Casson, Travel 176–77 (though this was probably the exception); on variation in hour lengths through the year on Roman clocks, cf. Carcopino, Life, 149–50. 4189 Cullmann, Time, 44, explains such references to time as indicating Johns special interest in Jesus» life as a redemptive event; but his argument that John otherwise betrays less interest in geography or chronology than the Synoptics is mistaken. 4190 E.g., 4:29; 11:34; «come» (δευρο) in T. Ab. 7:1; 14:5; 16:4A; Gen 29:21 . «Come and do or contemplate such-and-such» or «Go do or contemplate such-and-such» was idiomatic, e.g., Jas 4:13; 5:1; Epictetus Diatr. 1.2.29; 1.6.37; 1.7.10; 1.8.14; 1.11.25; 1.16.9; 1.18.28; 1.23.9; 2.4.9; 2.10.21; Plutarch Mus. 2, Mor. 1131E; Athenaeus Deipn. 11.459–460 (Greek texts reading age, etc.); Cicero Tusc. 3.20.49; Horace Sat. 1.10.51; 2.3.152; Martial Epigr. 1.42 (most Latin texts read age or ferrum). For «come and testify,» t. Sebu. 2:12, 13, 14; 4:1; «come and I will teach you,» b. Menah. 109b (cf. Sank 81b); «come and learn,» Sib. Or. 3.562. One may compare the American English idiom «Come see (this).» Cf. apocalyptic language (e.g., Rev 4:1; 17:1; 21:9; J En. 14:24–25; 15:1; 2 En. 21:3; cf. Plutarch D.V. 33, Mor. 568A), especially when used in a rabbinic context (3 En. 41:1; 42:1; 43:1; 44:1; 47:1; 48A). 4191 E.g., «Go see» ( Gen 37:14 ), «comes to see» ( Gen 42:12 ; 2Sam 13:6 ; cf. perhaps Pss. So1. 17:31), «came and saw» (2 Chr 31:8; Jdt 14:6; 1Macc 15:32). 4192 Schnackenburg, John, 1:309; against Barrett, John, 181, who notes its commonness in rabbinic literature but finds «no special significance here.» 4193 For clearly nonhalakic usage, see esp. t. Ta c an. 2:13; " Abot R. Nat. 13, §32; 18, §40 B; b. c Abod. Zar. 26a; B. Bat. 46a; 73b; 74a; Bek. 28b; Ber. 25a; Šabb. 30b. 4194 E.g., m. «Abot2(attributed to ben Zakkai); Mek. Pisha 1.156; t. B. Mesi c a 6:17; Šabb. 1:14; Ta c an. 2:13; »Abot R. Nat. 11, §28; 13, §32; 18, §40 B; Sipre Num. 88.2.1; Sipre Deut. 43.6.8; b. c Arak. 15a, bar.; 30b; B. Bat. 88b; Ber. 5a; B. Mesi c a 71a, bar.; c Erub. 19a; 54a; Hu1. 54b; Ketub. 105a; Qidd. 20a; 31a; Meg. 15a; Menah. 72a, bar.; 99b; Pesah. 68b, bar.; 119a; Sank 22a; 24a; 108a; Šabb. 53b; Sotah 5ab; 13a, bar.; 36a; Ta c an. 8a; 23b; Yebam. 63b; Yoma 57a; Pesiq. Rab Kah. 2:7; 13:10; 18:5; Pesiq. Rab Kah. Sup. 1:16; Deut. Rab. 2:37; Ruth Rab. 3:5; Lam. Rab. 1.5.32. |
| 6799 E.g., in Mek. Bes. 4.52–57 (Shemaya and Abtalion). 6800 E.g., m. " Abot 2:2; Sipra Behuq. pq. 8.269.2.5; Sipre Deut. 8.1.1; Pesiq. Rab Kah. 1:1; 2:5; 5:8; 22:4; Pesiq. Rab Kah. Sup. 5:2; Gen. Rab. 39:3; 44:16; 48:12; 49:11; 70:8; Exod. Rab. 1:4; 15:4; 44:5; Lev. Rab. 31:4; 36:5; Song Rab. 7:6, §1; Pesiq. Rab. 15:9; 27/28:1; Tg. Neof. 1 on Gen 48:20 ; cf. Tg. Neof. 1 on Gen 30:27; 39:5 ; Tg. Ps.-J. on Gen 18:18; 19:29; 21:17 . This included expiation of Israel " s sins (Pesiq. Rab Kah. 23:8; Lev. Rab. 29:7; Deut. Rab. 3:15). 6801 Pesiq. RabKah. 11:6; Lev. Rab. 21:11; 36:5; Num. Rab. 11:2; Pesiq. Rab. 12:5; 15:9. 6802 E.g., " Abot R. Nat. 12, §30; 22, §46B; Gen. Rab. 74:12; Num. Rab. 8:9; cf. individuals» benefits from ancestral merit, p. Ta c an. 4:1, §14; Lev. Rab. 9:2. Amoraim differed as to whether patriarchal merit could eventually run out (p. Sanh. 10:1, §6; Lev. Rab. 36:5). 6803 See Sipre Deut. 329.3.1, following biblical precedent ( Ezek 18:20 ); cf. 2 En. 53:1. Even in Song Rab. 1:2, §3, biblical sacrifices appear preferable to ancestral merits. 6804 Noted also by Marmorstein, Merits, 38. 6805 Cf. protection from judgment on account of the patriarchs in T. Levi 15(possibly a later interpolation); perhaps Moses» virtue and the law (Josephus Ant. 3.322). 6806 Cf. invoking an ancestor in 3 En. 1:3; supplication on the basis of the honor of the patriarchs in CIJ 1:519, §719 (if it means the biblical patriarchs); invoking their merits in prayer in Gen. Rab. 60:2. 6807 For the salvation of all Israel, cf. also b. Hag. 27a; Sanh. 110b; Rom 11:26 . For Abraham " s involvement, see also Justin Dia1. 44.1 ; Williams, Justin, xxxii. 6808 Cf. T. Ab. 14:5–8A; Gk. Apoc. Ezra 2:5. 6809 E.g., Gen. Rab. 35:2. At least as early as 2Macc 15:12, 14, the deceased could intercede for Israe1. 6810 E.g., b. c Erub. 19a; Gen. Rab. 48(third century C.E.). 6811 Gen. Rab. 14:6; Ecc1. Rab. 3:11, §2. Although later rabbis often emphasized Adam " s stature before the fall (Sipra Behuq. pq. 3.263.1.9; " Abot R. Nat. 8, §22B; 42, §116; b. Hag. 12a; Sanh. 38b; Pesiq. Rab Kah. 1:1; 5:3; Gen. Rab. 2:3; 8:1; 12:6; 21:3; 24:2; 58:8; Lev. Rab. 14:1; 18:2; Num. Rab. 13:12; Song Rab. 3:7, §5; Pesiq. Rab. 15:3), perhaps exploiting some Greek imagery (cf. Homer Od. 11.576–577; but cf. Bare, «Taille»; Niditch, «Adam»; 3 En. 9:2; 18:25), some eventually claimed that Abraham " s was greater (Pesiq. Rab. 7:2; cf. Jos. Asen. 1:5/8). |
| 8393 Wis 7:27; see also Wis 1:4; 10:16; thus the righteous would also abide with wisdom (Wis 7:28, συνοικοντα) and with God (3:9, προσμενοσιν), and wisdom would live with them (8:9,16). 8398 CIJ 1:264–65, §337; 1:384, §523; 1:387, §527; cf. 2:68, §820 ( [] , «Ce tombeau, demeure éternelle»); the first of these references is also cited by Leon, Jews, 127. 8399 Cf. Ferguson, Backgrounds, 196; Epictetus Diatr. 1.25.21. Cf. the «dwellings of Hades» in Euripides Alc. 25, 73,436–437. 8401 Heraclitus Ep. 5, to Amphidamas (Cyn. Ep. 194–95). Philo regarded air, the lowest of heavens, as the οκος of bodiless souls (Dreams 1.135). 8402 This is late, as may be the «rooms» of God " s heavenly palaces in the Merkabah traditions, cited by P. Alexander on 3 En. 1(OTP 1:247). 8403 Texts Β and C, followed by Knibb, ed., 219, against A, which E. Isaac, trans., 73, renders «great things.» Edersheim, Life, 570, cites rabbinic support for eschatological abodes assigned by rank. 8404 In 7.15–16B, Abraham " s soul was in heaven, but his body would μνει (rendering as if it were μενε) on earth till the resurrection of all flesh. 8406 Pesiq. Rab Kah. Sup. 2:3. The tradition attributed to R. Akiba in Mek. Pisha 14.15–21; Bes. 1.173–177 on Exod 12:37; 13(in Bonsirven, Judaism, 204; Daube, Judaism, 30) may imply future sukkoth in the new exodus (cf. Lacomara, «Deuteronomy,» 78). The Temple Scroll implies that ideally booths were erected in the temple itself during Sukkoth (Pfeiffer, Scrolls, 90), an image that might fit well the temple as the Father " s house of 14:2; but most erected them elsewhere (e.g., atop other houses, Neh 8:16). 8408 Β. B. Bat. 75a; Ruth Rab. 3:4; Pesiq. Rab. 31:6. Bernard, John, 2:531, cites 2 En. 62and 1 En. 39as saying something like this; McNamara, Judaism, 239, also cites 2 En. 62and 1 En. 41:2; but Barrett, John, 457, is probably correct that these passages are not relevant to the interpretation of John 14:2 . Cf. the source attempts of Bacon, «House.» 8410 Davies, Land, 324–25. |
| 8804 Ascen. Isa. 2(although this text, with much or all of Ascen. Isa. 1–3, may be Christian material). 8807 E.g., Gen. Rab. 20(the Shekinah); 2Macc 7:9; cf. Michael in b. Yebam. 16b (Blau and Kohler, «Angelology,» 588) and an angel in Exod. Rab. 17:4. Applications of the title to Satan (e.g., in Hoskyns, Gospel, 426) appear exceptiona1. 8808 3 En. 29:1; 30:1–2; Mek. Sir. 2.112–115; b. Ber. 16b-17a; Yoma 77a; Pesiq. Rab Kah. 23:2; Exod. Rab. 32:3; Lev. Rab. 29:2; Ruth Rab. proem 1; Pesiq. Rab. 17:4. For their opposition to Israel, see 3 En. 26:12; Sipre Deut. 315.2.1; Gen. Rab. 77:3; Exod. Rab. 21:5; Lev. Rab. 21:4; Deut. Rab. 1:22–23; Song Rab. 2:1, §3; 8:8, §1; for their eschatological judgment, see 1QM 15.13–14; Pesiq. Rab Kah. 4:9; 27:2; Song Rab. 8:14, §1. 8809 Jub. 15:31–32; 35:17; 49:2–4; cf. 1QM 14.15–16; 15.13–14; 17.5–8; T. So1. 6:4; 8:10. This image probably develops the OT demythologization of national deities as angels in YHWH " s court (in 11QMelch, see Kobelski, «Melchizedek,» 123); cf. a δαμων or guardian spirit of a nation in pagan thought (Plutarch Fort. Rom. 11 , Mor. 324B). 8812 Cf. the language of Sammael dwelling in, and clinging to, Manasseh in Ascen. Isa. 2(of uncertain date); more relevant, no place remains for Satan in heaven (Rev 12:8). 8814 Glasson, Moses, 77–78, comparing Assumption of Moses with John 14:30 . Ben Azzai also claimed that one who died while obeying a commandment, as opposed to being engaged in some more frivolous matter, would be rewarded CAbot R. Nat. 25A; cf. Akibás martyrdom in p. Sotah 5:5, §4). 8815 The devil often appears as accuser before God " s throne; see, e.g., Rev 12:10; Jub. 1:20; 48:15, 18; 3 En. 14:2; 26:12; Gen. Rab. 38:7; 84:2; Exod. Rab. 18:5; 31:2; lev. Rab. 21:2; Ecc1. Rab. 3:2, §2; with other angels 1 En. 40:17; 3 En. 4:8–10; Apoc. Zeph. 3:8; 6:17; and the very sense of «Satan» in Hebrew (cf. 1 Chr 21:1; Job 1:6–2:7 ; Zech 3:1–2). The exception, in later tradition, was the Day of Atonement (b. Yoma 20a; Lev. Rab. 21:4; Num. Rab. 18:21; Pesiq. Rab. 45:2; 47:4). |
| 9078 Epictetus Diatr. 4.3.9 (LCL 2:310–11). In the Loeb introduction, l:vii, an epigram attributed by Macrobius to Epictetus also calls him God " s friend. 9080 Philo Contempt Life 90, although there is a textual variant for «God " s.» God is a friend to Virtue in Philo Creation 81 and to Wisdom in Sobriety 55. Philo develops some Stoic friendship ideals; on Philós friendship ideals in general, see Sterling, «Bond.» 9081 M. " Abot 6:1. Cf. similarly Justin Dia1. 28: God " s friend is whoever knows and obeys him; Sent. Sext. 86ab: self-discipline produces piety, which seeks friendship with God. 9082 Sipre Deut. 53.1.3; b. Sukkah 55b; this is much less frequent tban Israel as God " s son in such parables. Cf. other, later references, in Deut. Rab. 3:11; Pesiq. Rab. 5:5,11; and Marmorstein, Names, 57; on God as friend to the world, Marmorstein, Names, 72–73, 86. God also befriends proselytes (Num. Rab. 8:4). 9083 Jub. 19:9; 4Q176 frg. 1–2, co1. 1, line 10 (quoting Isa 41:8–9); Philo Abraham 89 (θεοφιλος), 273; Sobriety 55; T. Ab. 1:7; 2:3, 6; 8:2; 9:7; 15:12–14; 16:3A; Apoc. Ab. 10(no earlier than second century C.E.); Apoc. Zeph. 9:4–5 (possibly a second-century Ebionite work); Mek. Pishi 18.8 (literally «beloved); Sir. 10.54–55 ; Gen. Rab. 65:10; Exod. Rab. 27:1; Lev. Rab. 11:7; also Jas 2:23; J Clem. 10.1, 17.2. The title is applied to Jacob in some MSS of Jos. Asen. 23:10; cf. perhaps Gen. Rab. 69(where the Shekinah may be a friend to Jacob, apparently in third-century tradition). The title is only rarely applied to postbiblical characters (R. Ishmael in 3 En. 1:8) or biblical characters other than Abraham or Moses (Levi in Jub. 30:20–21; Cambridge Genizah Text C lines 8–9). 9084 Philo Sobriety 55. In T. Ab. 9:2A, Michael told Abraham «everything which he had heard from the Most High» (επεν ατ πντα σα κουσεν παρ του υψστου) (ed. Stone, 20–21). 9085 CD 3.2. Similarly, Isaac and Jacob kept God " s word and came to be inscribed as friends for God (3.3–4) ( ). |
| 9145 Appeals to defend the law against other Jews who would betray it in collaboration with the Romans stir nationalistic sentiments (Josephus Life 135). 9148 Philo may portray the Logos as flowing from God like wine (Dillon, «Logos,» citing Unchangeable 155–158; Dreams 2.249); but if a fluid image is intended here (not demanded by the verb but possible on analogy with Rev 22:1), the sense may follow from the frequent OT image of the Spirit being poured like water (e.g., Prov 1:23 ; Isa 32:15; Ezek 39:29 ; Joel 2:28 ). In any case, the image in context may address the Spirit " s mission (cf. 8:42; 13:3; 16:27; Barrett, John, 482), not the ontology of the Trinity, and hence may prove textually irrelevant to the ftlioque controversy that officially divided the Eastern and Western churches in later centuries. 9149 «When he comes» further underlines the connection between the Spirit and Jesus (4:25. who also «announces» (ναγγελε) things to his people (4:25; cf. 16:13–15). 9150 Boke, Witness, 153, argues that the Spirit does not plead the cause of the disciples with God or the world but is Christ " s advocate, «pleading Christ " s cause with the disciples and, in a different but closely related sense, with unbelievers.» 9151 E.g., Pesiq. Rab. 35:3; Matt. 12:41–42; cf. the same principle in Mek. Pisha 1:81–82; 3 En. 4:3; «Abot R. Nat. 6A; »Abot R. Nat. 12, §30B (later tradition transferred this from Akiba to Hillel, b. Yoma 36b). Cf. Enoch in Jub. 4:18, 19, 22; 10:17. 9152 Isaacs, «Spirit,» 405. Athenian juries were to execute judgment «in place of the gods» as well as on their own behalf (speaker in Demosthenes Or. 59, Against Neaera 126). 9153 Plutarch Apol1. 14, Mor. 108E (of the deity); Oracles at Delphi 22, Mor. 405A; Nicias 6.3; 2Macc 3:36; I En. 104:11,105:1; T. Ab. 11(perhaps late use as «martyr»). 9154 Widely held, e.g., Meeks, Prophet-King, 65 (relating μαρτυρα and κρσις in Johannine texts); Trites, Witness, 78–127; cf. Caird, Revelation, 18; Harvey, Tria1. 9156 |
| controversy n. /kntrvs/ doctrine n. /dktrn/ ratify v. /rætfa/ cease v. /sis/ unity n. /junt/ express v. /kspres/ movement n. /muvmnt/ mind n. /mand/ scholar n. /skl/ Local Council n. /lkl kansl/ regard v. /rgd/ The Fathers and The Liturgy definition n. /defnn/ hierarch n. /hark/ Council n. /kansl/ unanimity n. /junnmt/ study v. /std/ hand down v. /hænd dan/ fall v. /fl/ theologian n. /θildn/ error n. /er/ contradict v. /kntrdkt/ come v. patristic adj. /ptrstk/ distinguish v. /dstgw/ look v. quote v. /kwt/ writing n. /rat/ enter v. /ent/ belong to v. /bl/ spirit n. /sprt/ desert v. /dzt/ acquire v. /kwa/ Holy Spirit n. /hl sprt/ treat v. /trit/ Liturgy n. /lt/ relic n. /relk/ formal adj. /fml/ witness n. /wtns/ dogmatic adj. /dgmætk/ contemporary n. /kntemprr/ conclude v. /knklud/ attempt v. /tempt/ belief n. /blif/ define v. /dfan/ proclaim v. /prklem/ classify v. /klæsfa/ dogma n. /dgm/ importance n. /mptns/ doctrine n. /dktrn/ reverence n. /revrns/ hold v. /hld/ term v. /tm/ conviction n. /knvkn/ receive v. /rsiv/ contain v. /knten/ preserve v. /przv/ hymn n. worship n. /wp/ immersion n. /mn/ express v. /kspres/ baptism n. /bæptzm/ prayer n. /pre/ anointing n. /nnt/ make v. /mek/ Eucharist n. /juk()rst/ sign n. /san/ sacrament n. /sækrmnt/ cross n. /krs/ symbolical adj. /smblkl/ faithful adj. /feθfl/ truth n. /truθ/ depart v. /dpt/ faith n. /feθ/ Canon Law and Icons doctrinal adj. /dktran()l/ Byzantine adj. /bzæntan/ definition n. /defnn/ writer n. /rat/ Ecumenical Council n. /ekjumenkl kansl/ bishop n. /bp/ draw up v. /dr p/ compile v. /kmpal/ canon n. /kænn/ explanation n. /eksplnen/ deal with v. /dil wð/ commentary n. /kmntr/ organization n. /rnzen/ holy adj. /hl/ discipline n. |
| /dspln/ fall into v. /fl nt/ Local Council n. /lkl kansl/ mistake n. /mstek/ regard v. /rgd/ essential adj. /senl/ outward adj. /autwd/ connection n. /knekn/ regulation n. /rejlen/ attempt n. /tempt/ rule n. /rul/ daily adj. /del/ strictness n. /strktns/ relative adj. /reltv/ apply v. /pla/ sense n. /sens/ assemble v. /sembl/ icon n. /akn/ chief adj. /if/ express v. /kspres/ task n. /tsk/ worship n. /wp/ revision n. /rvn/ clarification n. /klærfken/ arouse v. /raz/ possess v. /pzes/ emotion n. /mn/ absolute adj. /æbslut/ reveal v. /rvil/ unalterable adj. /nlt()rb()l/ receive v. /rsiv/ validity n. /vldt/ vision n. /vn/ eternal adj. /tnl/ spiritual adj. /sprl/ truth n. /truθ/ icon painter n. /akn pent/ earthly adj. /θl/ reflect v. /rflekt/ condition n. /kndn/ aesthetic adj. /isθetk/ constantly adv. /knstntl/ mind n. /mand/ change v. /en/ artistic adj. /tstk/ various adj. /vers/ inspiration n. /nspren/ dogma n. /dgm/ exclude v. /ksklud/ prescribe v. /prskrab/ /tra/ prepare v. /prpe/ avoid v. /vd/ means n. /minz/ division n. /dvn/ confession n. /knfen/ mystical adj. /mstkl/ Holy Communion n. /hl kmjunn/ divorce v. /dvs/ primary adj. /pramr/ subjective adj. /sbektv/ make up v. /mek p/ heretical adj. /hretkl/ separate v. /sepret/ degenerate v. /denret/ contrast v. /kntrst/ scholasticism n. /sklæstszm/ speak v. /spik/ spirituality n. /spruælt/ single adj. /sgl/ moral adj. /mrl/ whole n. /hl/ keep v. /kip/ understand v. /ndstænd/ doctrine n. /dktrn/ cause n. /kz/ theologian n. /θln/ break-up n. /brek p/ western adj. /westn/ belong to v. /bl/ Christendom n. /krs()ndm/ inseparable adj. /nseprbl/ separation n. /sepren/ introduce v. /ntrdjus/ mysticism n. /mstszm/ essence n. |
| forbid v. /fbd/ New Testament n. /nju testmnt/ critical adj. /krtk()l/ Christendom n. /krs()ndm/ historical adj. /hstrk()l/ ancient adj. /ennt/ study n. /std/ differ v. /df/ field n. /fild/ change n. /en/ worship n. /wp/ make v. /mek/ attach v. /tæ/ Holy Spirit n. /hl sprt/ importance n. /mpt()ns/ Service n. /svs/ Old Testament n. /ld testmnt/ Matins n. /mætnz/ lesson n. /lesn/ Vespers n. /vespz/ entire adj. /nta/ reading n. /rid/ Psalter n. /slt/ Gospel n. /gspl/ recite v. /rsat/ Liturgy n. /lt/ Lent n. /lent/ Epistle n. /ps()l/ week n. /wik/ assign v. /san/ lay down v. /le dan/ Eucharist n. /juk()rst/ rule n. /rul/ canticle n. /kæntk()l/ parish adj. /pær/ Lord’s Prayer n. /ldzpre/ feast n. /fist/ icon n. /akn/ appoint v. /pnt/ venerate v. /venret/ abbreviate v. /brivet/ procession n. /prsen/ omit v. /mt/ faithful adj. /feθfl/ prostrate v. /prstret/ The Seven Ecumenical Councils and Later Councils doctrinal adj. /dktran()l/ statement n. /stetmnt/ definition n. /defnn/ faith n. /feθ/ Ecumenical Council n. /ekjumenkl kansl/ put out v. /pt at/ infallible adj. /nfælbl/ possess v. /pzes/ abiding adj. /bad/ attend v. /tend/ irrevocable adj. /revkbl/ autocephalous adj. /t()sef()ls/ authority n. /θrt/ claim v. /klem/ Creed n. /krid/ represent v. /reprzent/ celebration n. /selbren/ whole n. /hl/ Eucharist n. /juk()rst/ letter n. /let/ Midnight Office n. /mdnat fs/ bishop n. /bp/ Compline n. /kmplan/ decision n. /dsn/ same adj. /sem/ acquire v. /kwa/ proclaim v. /prklem/ similar adj. /sml/ honour v. /n/ revise v. /rvaz/ accept v. /ksept/ correct v. /krekt/ Eastern Patriarchate n. /istn petrkt/ entirety n. /ntart/ Orthodox adj. /θdks/ worship n. /wp/ receive v. /rsiv/ formulation n. /fmjulen/ |
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