| Craig S. Keener Revelation of Jesus. 16:5–33 ALTHOUGH A GRADUAL SHIFT takes place from the emphasis on persecution in 16:1–4, there is no decisive break here with the preceding context. When Jesus was with the disciples, they did not need warning about future sufferings (16:5), presumably because he would protect them (18:8–9). But now that he was going and their hearts were burdened with sorrow (16:6), he had to assure them that the Paraclete would continue to reveal him to them and through them (16:7–15). He had warned them of coming sufferings (15:18–16:4), but they could not bear further revelation of such matters now (16:12); when the Paraclete would come, however, he would prepare them for the rest, telling them more things to come (16:13), presumably including events such as those narrated in the book of Revelation (if, as we have argued, John and Revelation reflect the same community). The coming of the Paraclete would enable the disciples to go on the offensive (15:26–27) because through him Jesus would remain among them (16:13–15). In him they would have victory over the world, despite their tribulation (16:33). His Departure for Their Good (16:5–7) In the context of the disciples» discouragement due to the world " s hostility (16:1–6), the Paraclete would come to prosecute the world (16:8–11). The disciples could be strong in the face of persecution, despite Jesus» absence, because the Paraclete would be with them (v. 7); this suggests that the Paracletés prosecution of the world is on their behalf and through their testimony. 9191 They grieved that Jesus was «going» (16:5–6), but resurrection joy would soon swallow their grief concerning the cross (16:22; cf. 1Pet 1:6 ). 9192 Jesus» return would provide them the Spirit, who would continue Jesus» presence with them. Because of their grief (16:6), Jesus assures them emphatically («I tell you the truth») 9193 that they will be better off with him departing to send them the other advocate he has mentioned (14:16). 9194 The Paraclete is better for them than Jesus in the flesh would have been (16:7) because he re-presents Jesus dynamically to the world in each hostile situation. Jesus had also challenged the world concerning sin, righteousness, and judgment, and the prophetic Spirit, proclaiming the same Jesus through his community, would continue the challenge. 9195 This continuity between the two should not be understood as identity, as in the docetic reading of John, 9196 nor even to imply that the Spirit cannot bring new teachings; 9197 the Spirit will say some new things (16:12–13) but in continuity with Jesus» revelation. 9198 But it does mean that Jesus himself is present in the Spirit, though only those in his community recognize his presence. 9199 The World " s Prosecutor (16:8–11) |
| Craig S. Keener The ultimate model for love and service. 13:1–38 THE FOOT WASHING IN JOHN is the narrative introduction for the final discourse, part of the lengthy prolegomena to the Passion Narrative. Jesus» impending death dominates this scene. It intersperses Jesus» words and example of service (13:1, 3–10, 12–17, 31–35) with foreshadowings of his betrayal (13:2, 10–11, 18–30), then opens directly into discussion about Jesus» departure by way of the cross (13:36–38; 14:3–6). 8048 This scene therefore paves the way for the Farewell Discourse (13:31–17:26). 8049 By the foot washing Jesus prefigures his impending glorification, which is the theological subject of most of the context (12:16, 23, 28,41; 13:31–32). This act identifies Jesus as the Suffering Servant and defines his passion as an act of loving service. At the same time, however, it also summons Jesus» followers to imitate his model, serving and loving one another to the extent of laying down their lives for one another (13:14–16, 34–35). The Setting (13:1–3) John again links Jesus» imminent «hour» with the Passover season (13:1). (On the «hour,» see comment on 2:4; cf. 12:23.) In contrast to the Synoptic picture of the Last Supper, however, Jesus» closing hours before his arrest in this Gospel are «before» Passover (13:1). This detail fits John " s chronology (13:29; 18:28; 19:14, 31, 42), 8050 which ultimately supports his portrayal of Jesus as the paschal lamb (1:29,36; 19:36). At this point, however, John underlines a different aspect of the chronology: Jesus loved his own «to the end» (13:1). This is Johannine double entendre: it can imply «to the utmost,» «fully,» as well as «to the point of his death.» 8051 Such a double entendre reinforces the measure of God " s love in the Fourth Gospel (3:16) and early Christianity ( Rom 5:5–9 ): Jesus» death. The preceding context also illustrates Jesus» love (11:5) that would cost him his life (11:7–16), but here the specific objects of his love in the Lazarus story give way to all of «his own» (cf. 10:3) who would be remaining in the world (17:11). |
| Craig S. Keener Conflict Over the Healing of a Blind Man. 9:1–10:21 This narrative demonstrates Jesus» claims in the previous context and chronologically follows directly on Jesus» departure from the temple on the last day of the festival (7:37; 8:59). It probably begins not far from the temple (cf. 9:7). This section opens with the healing of a blind man (9:1–7) and closes with the recognition that this miracle was not what one expected from a demon (10:21). The narrative between includes Pharisaic charges that Jesus» healing cannot be from God (9:16,22,24), a response from the formerly blind man that challenges the logic of their paradigm (9:25, 27, 31–33), and a response from Jesus, who reverses the charge and shows that it is his opponents who are not from God (9:40–10:18). 7009 Jesus» claim in this section to be the good shepherd (10:11) implicitly advances his previous claim to deity (8:58). Blindness and Sin (9:1–34) Contrary to what the elite supposed (9:34), the man was not born blind due to a sin (9:2–3), nor was his healer a sinner (9:16, 24); by contrast, the elite themselves are sinful and spiritually blind (9:39–41). The true connection between blindness and sin links together the entire section 9:1–41. But because 9:40–41 begin the response to the Pharisees which is continued in 10:1–18 and 9:35–39 begins Jesus» defense of the healed man, we have limited the first section to the material directly related to the healing and responses to it (9:1–34). The following section (9:35–10:18) traces Jesus» own response to the varied responses to his act, especially the responses of the healed man and the Jerusalem elite. Moreover, the contrast between physical and spiritual blindness (dependence on Christ and opposition to him) of 9:39–41 is already implicit at the beginning of this section. Jesus became invisible in some sense to his enemies in 8:59, so they could not see him; but here Jesus cures a man physically blind and so despised by his enemies (9:2, 34). (Indeed, worldly evaluations of the reasons for blindness form an inclusio around Jesus» healing and the man " s fidelity to him; 9:2, 34.) Epistemological terms («know») dominate the dialogue scenes and probably provide the metaphoric meaning of «sight» language also prominent in the chapter. 7010 |
| Craig S. Keener The fish sign. 21:1–14 OTHER SOURCES MAY SUGGEST that Jesus revealed himself on a regular basis to the disciples immediately after the resurrection; Luke seems most emphatic about this point (Acts 1:3), though he omits the Galilean appearances and may therefore refer to a state after the disciples had returned to Jerusalem (reading Luke, one would not know that they had left Jerusalem). In any case, John is emphatic that this is the disciples» third revelation (21:14); that Jesus manifested himself to them also frames this sign narrative (21:1, 14), underlining the significance of this appearance. When John counts, it may be primarily to tie events together (compare 2:1,19; 2:11 with 4:54); this event takes the previous resurrection appearances to a fuller level, though Thomas " s christological confession was climactic. What is John " s point? In the light of the rest of the Gospel, Jesus again provides food for his people (6:10–11; cf. Rev 7:16–17; 12:6); the emphasis here will be spiritual food (4:32–34; 6:35; 10:9; see 21:15–17). Given the following dialogue, the point of the narrative seems to be to define more specifically the character of Jesus» call in 20:21, especially for church leaders: loving Jesus requires Jesus» servants to love Jesus» followers. The Setting: Failing at Fishing (21:1–3) These verses provide examples of typical Johannine language in the nontheological vocabulary when one would least expect it from a later hand: for example, «after these things» (21:1; see 3:22; 5:1,14; 6:1; 7:1). Likewise, only this Gospel calls the lake «the sea of Tiberias» (6:1) or mentions Tiberias at all (6:23). In the very incomplete list of Jesus» followers here, 10853 the two named characters besides Peter (who is necessary to the following story) are distinctly Johannine: only in this Gospel does Thomas appear outside lists of names (11:16; 14:5; 20:24–28) and is he called Didymus, meaning «Twin» (11:16; 20:24) ; 10854 and only in this Gospel do Nathanael and Cana appear (1:45–49; 2:1,11; 4:46). 10855 The «sons of Zebedee» admittedly weigh against the thesis that this epilogue stems from the same author or source, since the rest of the Gospel reflects a studied, probably deliberate avoidance of mentioning them; but it is noteworthy that even here they are not individually named. The mention of Thomas (21:2) provides a connection with the previous narrative (20:24–29), 10856 demonstrating that he did persevere. |
| Craig S. Keener The Son from Above. 3:1–36 IN THIS SECTION, JESUS REVEALS to Nicodemus that he is the Son from above (3:13, 16), and John reiterates this point (3:31, 35–36). Jesus likewise continues the theme of true purification (3:5) from 2:6, which again contrasts forcefully with mere Jewish water rituals (3:25), even those of the Baptist (3:22–26; 4:1–2). Nicodemuss partial faith continues the theme of 2:23–25, but contrasts starkly with the fully reliable witness of John (3:21–36) and the responsiveness of the sinful Samaritan woman (4:1–42). Nicodemus and the Heavenly Witness (3:1–21) The warning against untrustworthy believers depending merely on signs (2:23–25) leads directly into the following paragraph: Nicodemus professes a measure of faith in Jesus based on his signs (3:2, repeating the σημεα ποιεον of 2:23), but has not yet crossed the threshold into discipleship; 4742 he is at most a representative of some open-minded dialogue partners in the synagogues (hence perhaps the use of plural verbs, though cf. comment on 3:11). 4743 John invites his audience to contrast Nicodemus " s slow response here to the ready response of the Samaritan woman in 4:7–29, who is able to overcome her misunderstanding in the course of that dialogue. 4744 (Several of Johns narratives involve the pattern of sign, misunderstanding, clarification, and response.) 4745 In the course of the Gospel, however, Nicodemus, who came out of darkness into light (3:2,21), moves from secret discipleship (3:1–2; 7:50–52) 4746 to true, complete discipleship (19:39–42). 4747 John presents several models of a journey to discipleship, of which Nicodemus is one; 4748 Nicodemus will eventually join the Samaritan woman among disciples. 4749 If 3:1–21 is the discourse explicating the sign of 2:1–11, it shows that true relationship with God involves neither waterpots nor the earthly temple (a theme revisited in both cases in 4:10–14, 20–24, 28), but the water of the Spirit (3:5) and the revealer from above (3:11–21). |
| Commentary Supplement As was anticipated, certain additional sources have been identified during the course of work on this edition (see vol. I, p. lv). The following notes indicate those sources, and any further relevant information, for poems in vols. I and II. Entries in Russian are supplied by Lydia Sazonova. Благо творити . Based on Faber, In Festo Ascensionis Domini, No. 5 «Cur in die Ascensionis Christi fiat mentio Iudicii», sect. 5 «Ad consolationem discipulorum», the final words of the sermon: «Quare, fratres mei charissimi, et desideratissimi, rogo vos per diem ilium iudicii, quern hodie nobis annuntiarunt Angeli; ita vos geritote, ut venientem iudicem cum desiderio expectare, et cum gaudio videre possitis, Amen.» Блудница 2 . Taken from Polyanthea , «Meretrix»: «In favo mellis duo sunt; scilicet mel & cera: in facie meretricis similiter duo scilicet decor & gratia: hoc est pulchritudo oris, & dulcedo sermonis. Cera succendit ignem, mel praebet dulcedinem: Sic pulchritudo meretricis igne libidinis inflammat carnem, blandimento lenocinantis sermonis subvertit mentem. Stillat mel ex cera, dum meretrix verba sua mollit, & facit dulcia, Lib. De nuptiis carnalib, vitandis» (p. 738). Блудница 3 . Taken from Polyanthea , ibid., the passage immediately following: »Erasmi Roterodami. Quemadmodum echeneis sive remora piscis perpusillis (est autem magnae limaci similis) quamvis magnam navim velis ac remis incitatam subito sistit: Ita scortulum aliquoties adamatum, ingentes animi ad honesta impetus retinet alligatque» (ibid.). Богатство 5 . Taken from Meffreth, Feria 6 Post Oculi. The image is based on the text for the sermon: «Omnis qui biberit ex aqua hac, sitiet iterum Si autem biberit ex hac aqua, quam ego dabo ei, non sitiet in aeternum loan. «Vbi nota, quod haec aqua est multiplex. Prima est temporalis auaritiae, de qua intelligitur illud verbum, Omnis qui bibit &c. quia auaritia sitim non satiat, sed accendit» (Pars hyem ., p. 271). Богатство Бог отъемлет .Takenfrom Polyanthea, «Divitiae». 11. 1–6 cf Polyanthea: " Pater optimus & integer, cum filium viderit amore meretricis alicuius deperire, si admonitiones eius audire neglexerit, illam meretricem de medio auferens, in exilia longinqua detrudit.» 11. 7 –16 cf Polyanthea: «Talis est etiam abundantia pecuniarum. Curam igitur de nobis gerens verus pater, & optimus Dominus, volens nos ab hac laesione liberare, aufert nobis pecunias, quarum amore mens nostra corrumpitur. [D. Chrysostomi] Homil. 33. epist. ad Hebraeos» (p. 346). |
| Азбука веры Православная библиотека Orthodox books Contemporary Non-Orthodox Biblical Studies The Gospel of John Пожертвовать Вход Craig S. Keener The Gospel of John Источник 6. Revelatory Motifs: Knowledge, Vision, Signs 1:1-18. The prologue 7. Christology and Other Theology OF ALL THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS of Johannine theology in the discourses, the most frequently noted is his Christology. 2413 As scholars regularly observe, Christology is central to this Gospe1. 2414 Prologues normally set the stage for major themes in the works that followed them, and John s prologue does not disappoint, framed by affirmations of Jesus» deity and relationship with the Father (1:1, 18). Most of the prologue addresses Jesus» identity (1:1–5,9,14,16–18) and the responses of various groups (the world, Israel, and the disciples, 1:10–13); it also offers a model for bold witness about Jesus» identity (1:6–8,15). The rest of the Gospel illustrates these responses to Jesus, especially to his signs (e.g., 1:49; 2:11, 23; 3:2; 4:19; 5:16–18; 6:30, 67–69; 7:30; 8:59; 9:16; 10:19–21; 11:45–46; 20:31), which function as the primary summons to recognize his identity (20:30–31; cf. 14:10–11). 2415 That Jesus was rejected by the world just as they were would be relevant for marginalized Johannine Christians, 2416 and the story of divine Wisdom " s rejection provided a fitting backdrop for the experience of Jesus known to the community. 2417 The Gospel " s radical Christology enabled the Johannine Christians «to undertake their radical commitment to God in the face of dire risk.» 2418 As in other biographies, including the other gospels, the Fourth Gospel focuses on one central figure; over half the verbs in John have Jesus as their subject or are uttered by him. 2419 Unlike most biographies, which express the freedom to critique their heroes» shortcomings (e.g., Arrian Alex. 4.7.4; 4.8.1–4.9.6) and mix some measure of praise and blame (e.g., Cornelius Nepos 11 [Iphicrates], 3.2), John will nowhere critique or imply any shortcomings in Jesus. A discussion of the genre and discourses of the Fourth Gospel, undertaken at the beginning of this introduction, invites particular exploration of John " s Christology vis-à-vis that of the earliest Jesus tradition. Granted that John has represented Jesus in Johannine idiom and for his distinctive purposes, does he accurately reflect and interpret some prior tradition here, or does he simply create new material? |
| Материал из Православной Энциклопедии под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла Содержание ДИДАСКАЛ Дидаскал [дидаскал; греч. διδσκαλος], букв.- учитель. У разных народов и в разные эпохи термин, сохраняя основное значение, приобретал различные смысловые оттенки; менялось и место Д. в обществе. В античности Первоначально (в Греции начиная с гомеровских гимнов; Hymni Homerici. In Mercurium. 556) слово «Д.» обозначало учителя вообще (см., напр.: Aeshyl. Prometheus vinctus. 110; Idem. Eumenid. 279), профессию школьного учителя ( Plat. Apol. Socr. 33ab, cf. 19de; Epict. Diss. I 9, 12), а также театрального деятеля - специалиста по обучению хоров. Хоровой Д. организовывал выступления хоров во время общественных празднеств. В V-IV вв. до Р. Х. Д. этого вида становятся также авторами и постановщиками театральных произведений - дифирамбов, трагедий и комедий (свидетельства античных авторов об этом см.: Reisch E. ιδσκαλος. Sp. 402). Однако уже во 2-й пол. IV в. до Р. Х. греч. драматурги получают название ποιητς. За Д. остаются функции подготовки хора и отчасти театральной режиссуры. В Свящ. Писании и в раннехристианскую эпоху В Септуагинте слово «Д.» используется только 2 раза, обозначая учителя в общем смысле (Есф 6. 1) либо религ. наставника (2 Макк 1. 10). В новозаветных текстах оно выступает аналогом евр. , (равви, почетный титул проповедника религиозно-нравственного учения) и в этом значении употребляется в основном по отношению к Иисусу Христу (Didaskalos//TDNT. Vol. 4. P. 164-165). В отдельных случаях Д. называются Иоанн Креститель (Лк 3. 12), иудейские книжники (Ин 3. 10 - о Никодиме), апостолы (1 Тим 2. 7) и др. Кроме того, в раннехрист. период термин «Д.» применялся для обозначения особого, харизматического служения в церковных общинах. О таких Д. наряду с пророками впервые говорится у ап. Павла (1 Кор 12. 28), а далее - в «Дидахе», у Ерма и др. ( Lampe. Lexicon. P. 364-365; Didaskalos//TDNT. Vol. 4. P. 166). Пророки и Д. в отличие от епископов и диаконов, постоянно путешествовали, переходя из одной христ. общины в другую. Христиане должны были отличать истинных Д. от ложных (проповедников еретических учений, см.: Didache. 11. 1-2; 13. 2). При этом «Дидахе» показывает, что уже к нач. II в. харизматическое служение Д. исчезает и становится одной из функций епископов и диаконов (Ibid. 15. 1-2). Однако у Ерма Д. все еще упоминаются параллельно с епископами и диаконами ( Herma. Pastor. III 5; Sim. IX 15. 16. 25) (см. подробнее о харизматических Д. в I-II вв.: Лебедев. 1904; Zimmermann. 1988; Neymeyr. 1989). |
| Более 30 человек пропали без вести после столкновения судов у берегов Китая 7 января, 2018. Новостная служба Столкнулись нефтяной танкер и сухогруз 7 января. ПРАВМИР. 32 человека пропали без вести после столкновения морских судов у восточного побережья Китая. ЧП произошло 6 января в 20:00 (15:00 мск) у устья реки Янцзы. В море столкнулись принадлежащий иранской компании нефтяной танкер Sanchi и гонконгский сухогруз CF CRYSTAL, сообщает РИА «Новости» со ссылкой на Центральное телевидение Китая. Все члены экипажа сухогруза были спасены. Связь с экипажем танкера потеряна – на его борту находились 30 граждан Ирана и два гражданина Бангладеш. Поиски экипажа танкера продолжаются. Поскольку вы здесь... У нас есть небольшая просьба. Эту историю удалось рассказать благодаря поддержке читателей. Даже самое небольшое ежемесячное пожертвование помогает работать редакции и создавать важные материалы для людей. Сейчас ваша помощь нужна как никогда. Материалы по теме 6 апреля, 2023 20 марта, 2023 18 ноября, 2015 25 июля, 2021 19 апреля, 2017 3 февраля, 2024 16 ноября, 2023 28 июня, 2023 6 мая, 2023 6 апреля, 2023 20 марта, 2023 18 ноября, 2015 25 июля, 2021 Поделитесь, это важно Выбор читателей «Правмира» Подпишитесь на самые интересные материалы недели. Лучшие материалы Показать еще Друзья, Правмир уже много лет вместе с вами. Вся наша команда живет общим делом и призванием - служение людям и возможность сделать мир вокруг добрее и милосерднее! Такое важное и большое дело можно делать только вместе. Поэтому «Правмир» просит вас о поддержке. Например, 50 рублей в месяц это много или мало? Чашка кофе? Это не так много для семейного бюджета, но это значительная сумма для Правмира. Давайте дружить! © 2003—2024. Сетевое издание Правмир зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Реестровая запись ЭЛ ФС 77 – 85438 от 13.06.2023 г. (внесение изменений в свидетельство ЭЛ ФС 77-44847 от 03.05.2011 г.) Учредитель: Автономная некоммерческая организация информационно-познавательный центр «Правмир» (АНО «Правмир») (ОГРН 1107799036730) Главный редактор: Данилова А.А. Адрес электронной почты редакции: info@pravmir.ru Телефон: +7 929 952 59 99 Чтобы связаться с редакцией или сообщить обо всех замеченных ошибках, воспользуйтесь формой обратной связи . Републикация материалов сайта в печатных изданиях (книгах, прессе) возможна только с письменного разрешения редакции. Мнение авторов статей портала может не совпадать с позицией редакции. Правмиру нужна ваша помощь Помогите нам быть вместе Правмиру нужна ваша помощь Помогите нам быть вместе Правмиру нужна ваша помощь Помогите нам быть вместе 12 |
| Archive His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia sent Paschal greetings to the Primates of the Local Orthodox Churches 28 April 2019 year 15:18 His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia sent Paschal greetings to the Primates of the Local Orthodox Churches: His Beatitude Pope and Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria; His Beatitude Patriarch John X of Antioch; His Beatitude Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem; His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch Iliya II of All Georgia; His Holiness Patriarch Irinej of Serbia; His Beatitude Patriarch Daniel of Romania; His Holiness Patriarch Neofit of Bulgaria; His Beatitude Archbishop Chrysostomos II of Cyprus; His Beatitude Archbishop Hieronymos II of Athens and All Greece; His Beatitude Archbishop Anastasios of Tirana and All Albania; His Beatitude Metropolitan Sawa of Warsaw and All Poland; His Beatitude Metropolitan Rastislav of the Czech Lands and Slovakia; and His Beatitude Metropolitan Tikhon of All America and Canada. The text reads as follows: CHRIST IS RISEN! By these life-asserting words I cordially greet you with the Triumph of Triumphs – the Feast of Holy Pascha. On this day let us embrace one other joyously and glorify God “which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead” (1 Pet 1:3) and made us “heirs according to the hope of eternal life” (Tit 3:7). “Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith” (Heb 12:2), let us “be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love and be of the same mind one toward another” (Rom 12:10,16), in order to do all those things which are commanded us by the Lord (cf. Lk 17:10) and to bear witness to the evangelic truth before the world. I prayerfully wish you radiant Paschal joy from the All-Generous God and good health for successfully continuing your lofty and responsible Primatial ministry. With brotherly love in Christ Risen, +KIRILL PATRIARCH OF MOSCOW AND ALL RUSSIA Календарь ← 7 December 2023 year |
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