| Irmos: Shine forth upon me the light of Thy precepts, O Lord, for my spirit riseth early unto Thee and hymneth Thee: for Thou art our God, and I flee to Thee, O King of peace. Emitting the effulgence of the splendid precepts of the Lord, O martyred maiden, when wickedly pursued by the evildoer thou didst flee with haste to the King of peace. Lord of hosts, King of peace, have mercy upon me, and deliver me from him who intendeth my ruination and spiritual destruction! the holy Winifred earnestly prayed. Let the sword of the impious Caradoc free me from this vain world and its vile illusions, for I prefer the King of peace above all else! the holy maiden cried aloud. Theotokion: Slain for piety’s sake, the holy Winifred joined the Theotokos at the right hand of her Son; but in His mysterious dispensation, the King of peace restored her to bodily life. Ode VI Irmos: Let not the watery tempest drown me, nor the abyss destroy me; for I have been cast into the depths of the heart of the sea. Wherefore, like Jonah I cry aloud: Let my life ascend to Thee out of the corruption of evils, O God! Pouring forth thy martyr’s blood, O saint of God, thou didst dye in its streams a crimson robe, as vesture fit for the bridal banquet; and joining the wise virgins, thou didst enter, rejoicing, into the chamber of thy Lord, O Winifred. Resurrected from the dead when Beuno prayed to God and joined again thy severed head to thy virginal body, O pure maiden, thy remaining life didst thou dedicate to thy Master, in every way avoiding the corruption of evils. In the doctrines of piety did the venerable Eleri undertake to tutor thee, O holy one, that having been rescued from the abyss of hades thou mightest ever cry: Let my life ascend to Thee out of the corruption of evils, O God! Theotokion: Never shall we cease to extol thy manifold wonders, O compassionate Lady, nor shall we ever tire of magnifying thy mighty deeds, for thou dost ever rescue us from the depths of the sea of evils wherein we are drowning. |
| Существует множество других свидетельств об англичанах в Византии. Известно, что английские солдаты понесли тяжелые потери, сражаясь за византийцев против норманнов при Дирраке (Дураццо) в 1081 году. Император Алексей пожаловал англичанам землю на берегу Никомидийского залива, чтобы они построили там укрепленный порт. Между 1101 и 1116 годами некий линкольнширец по имени Ульфрик возвратился в Англию из Константинополя, чтобы вербовать солдат в византийскую армию. Английские солдаты сражались также при обороне города от крестоносцев в 1204 году; современный французский писатель Робер Клер пишет, что у этих англичан были свои священники. Из бытовых свидетельств мы знаем, что в середине XIV века на рождественском пиру у императора потомки английских переселенцев пожелали приветствовать его на их собственном наречии. Что стало с этими англо-саксонскими поселениями после захвата Константинополя в 1453 году турками – неизвестно. По-видимому, те поселения, которые оказались под властью турок, объединились с греческими, а новоанглийская колония на северном побережье Черного моря слилась с русским народонаселением. Православные святые Британии и Ирландии, изображенные на иконе 66 Аван (Afan), Августин Кентербериийский (Augustine, †604), Адомнан (Adomnan), Адриан (Adrian, VI в.), Адриан Кентерберийский (Adrian of Canterbury, †709/710), Айдан (Aidan, †651), Албаний (Albanus, III в.), Альдгельм (Aldhelm, † ок. 700), Альфеге (Alphege, †1012), Асаф (Asaph, VII в.), Аустель (Austel), Беда Досточтимый (Beda Venerabilis, Беуно (Beuno, VI в.), Бирин (Birinus), Бранвал- Православные святые Британии и Ирландии ладер (Branwallader, VI в.), Брендан Мореплаватель (аб. Клонфертский; Brendan, 522-†575), Бригита Килдарская (Brigit, †525), Венедикт/ Бенедикт Нурсийский (Benedict of Nursia, 480-†ок. 550), Вонифатий/Бонифаций (Boniface of Crediton, 675-†754), Гильда 500-†ок. 570), Давид Уэльский (David, VI в.), Дениол (Deniol, †ок. 584), Дублитир (Dublitir), Дунстан (Dunstan, 909-†988), Иллтуд (†нач. VI в.), Кадок (Cadoc), Кедд (Cedd, VII в.), Келлан (Cellan of Peronne, VII в.), Кей (Kew), Киаран (Снагап of Clonmacnois, VI в.), Колман (Colman, VII в.), Колум мак Кримтайн (Colum mac Crimthain of Terryglass, VI в.), Колумбан (Columbanus, 543-†615), Колумкилле (Columcille, 521-†597), Комгалл (Comgall of Bangor, VII в.), Кутберт (Cutbert, 634-†687), Лаврентий (Laurence, †619), Маелруайн (Maelruain), Меллит (Mellitus, VII в.), Мохолд (Maughold, †498), Ниниан (Ninian, сер. V в.), Патрик/ Патрикий Ирландский (Patric/Patricius, 390-†461), Паулин (Paulinus, VII в.), Самсон (Samson), Трилло (Trillo, V в.), Фин(н)иан (Fin(n)ian of Clonard, 512-†ок. 545), Ферси (Fursey, VII в.), Феодор Тарсийский (Theodore of Tarse, †690), Эгберт (Egbert, VIII в.), Юст (Justus, VII в.). |
| With her parents’ blessing, Winifred soon received the monastic tonsure at her uncle’s hand. St. Beuno advised Winfred to remain at that church to live the monastic life, which she did, eventually gathering around her eleven honorable virgins, and instructing them in the Christian faith. St. Beuno himself became a missionary, traveling west to Ireland. St. Winifred made a pilgrimage to Rome, and was greatly influenced by the order of monastic life there. When she returned home, she called a synod known as the “Synod of Winifred,” attended by other Christian ascetics of Wales, Dumnonia, and the North. The common ascetic practice in Wales at the time was the eremitic life. At the synod, all agreed that the safety of the coenobitic life she led was preferable to the solitary life. Thus, after seven years in Abeluyc, Winifred decided to go out and help establish other coenobitic communities. It is said that two hermits she approached with the idea, Sts. Diheufyr and Sadwrn, were not interested in what seemed to them an innovation. It was not until she reached Gwytherin that she was welcomed by her mother " s cousin, St. Eleri. Here, Winifred was presented to his mother, St. Tenoi, and together they established a double monastery in the village. Winifred eventually succeeded St. Tenoi as abbess there. St. Winifred reposed on November 3, 660 AD, and was buried in the monastic cemetery. Recently a fragment of an eighth-century reliquary from Gwytherin, the Arch Gwenfrewi (Winifred " s Casket), was found, witnessing her status as a recognized saint almost from the moment of her death, the earliest such surviving evidence for any Welsh saint. Veneration of the saint was mainly limited to Wales until the late eleventh, early twelfth century, when it began spreading throughout the British Isles. Other wells have been recorded as dedicated to her, including one in Dublin, Ireland. In 1136. Her relics were translated to an ornate shrine in Shrewsbury, while her original tomb was retained at Gwytherin and a fragment at Holywell. The spring that had broken forth in Holywell on the site where her severed head fell is still active; the temperature of the water never changes, summer or winter, and the supply remains constant regardless of drought or flood in the locality. It is so clear that the pebbles at the bottom are distinctly seen to be stained as though with blood. It is lined with fragrant moss, the Jungermannia oplevoides. |
| RTE: What can we say about the early Church in the area that is now Wales? FR. JOHN: We know of St. Samson, St. Beuno, St. David, St. Illtyd and St. Petroc, and others who were active in Wales, Cornwall and Brittany (northern France) in the sixth to seventh centuries. When the Anglo-Saxon pagans arrived in Britain, they found a well-established British church with its bishops, martyrs, monastics, missionaries, its hermitages, monasteries, parish churches, liturgical traditions, relics and iconography. This we discussed earlier. Increasingly, the centre of gravity of the ancient British church shifted towards the West. There was little Anglo-Saxon influence on Wales and Cornwall. But, as I said before, the British presence in ‘England’ continued. Orthodox Rome Lastingham Crypt RTE: In your writing and talks you identify seventh- and eighth-century Rome as part of the Byzantine world, and have remarked that Rome was actually holding Orthodoxy in a purer form than in the East, where iconoclasm was steadily taking root. This is something to ponder, that Rome was guarding the Orthodox tradition… FR. JOHN: …as Rome always had to. Most of the heresies were eastern inventions, weren’t they? Rome might not have been as inventive as eastern Christendom, but it held a clear Orthodox traditional position. Going back for a moment to the previous century, St. Augustine of Canterbury had come in 597, sent by St. Gregory the Great (+603). Gregory was an important and major figure, who reformed the whole of northern Italy after the Lombard invasions. Virtually all of Europe was under Germanic influence: the Lombards in north Italy, the Anglo-Saxons and Jutes in Britain, the Franks in France, and the Visigoths in Spain. Following the Lombard invasions came famine and plague; everything fell apart. It was St. Gregory, as pope of Rome and of patrician background, who was able to bring about the revival of Italy – through the movement of grain, the feeding of the people, the rebuilding of cities and churches. He not only gave all of his family wealth for this physical revival, but he took a very active interest in the liturgical and monastic life of Rome and the development of the Church’s mission. |
| St. Deiniol " s Church in Llanuwchllyn, Gwynedd In 1889, the British statesman and Prime-minister William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898) founded a library in the Flintshire village of Hawarden, mentioned above, which was named after St. Deiniol. There he transferred more than 30,000 of his books from nearby Hawarden castle. Since 2010, this library, which is reputed to be the largest residential library in Britain, has borne the name of Gladstone. Statue of St. Deiniol inside Bangor Cathedral The city of Bangor in Gwynedd near the Menai Straits (north-western Wales) from time immemorial has been regarded as the main center of veneration of St. Deiniol. The monastery founded here by this saint was first plundered in 634 and then again in the late eleventh century by Vikings. Nothing survived from the original monastery, but construction of the new Norman cathedral began in about 1120. This cathedral was built in the Norman style and was in the shape of a cross, around 130 feet in length. In 1211 the cathedral was destroyed by the army of English King John the Lackland, who invaded Gwynedd. The cathedral was soon restored soon after that but later in the same century (1282) it was seriously damaged by the army of the English King Edward I. It was also said that during one Welsh rebellion in 1402, parts of the cathedral were burned to the ground, but soon afterwards large-scale reconstruction began, which was completed by 1532. In the nineteenth century, the outstanding English architect Sir George Gilbert Scott (1811-1878) was in charge of renovating this ancient Cathedral. Among the treasures of the Cathedral there are: statues of St. Deiniol on the exterior and inside the Cathedral building, an icon of St. Deiniol, stained glass images of the great Welsh Saints Dyfrig, Deiniol and Beuno , and a rare fifteenth century oak carving of Christ. Christians of various denominations visit this glorious church to this day. Holy Hierarch Deiniol of Bangor, pray to God for us! |
| составление и перевод А.А. Бурова Святой Беуно, игумен Клинногский († 640 или 660, память 21 апреля) Храм св. Беуно в Кульбоне Житие: святой Беуно (Beuno) родился в королевстве Поуис, предположительно в Беррью (Berriew). Он был внуком тамошнего принца. Его имя (Bou[g]nou на староваллийском, происходит, несомненно, от кельтского Bou[o]-gnaw=Knowing Cattle) может встречаться в английском как Bono или в латинизированном виде как Bonus. Храм св. Беуно в Кульбоне Храм св. Беуно в Клинног Фавр После получения образования и рукоположения в монастыре Бангор (Bangor-on-Dee), что на севере Уэльса, он стал активным проповедником. Кадван, король [Гвинед]а был его щедрым благотворителем. Кадваллон ап Кадван, сын Кадвана и его преемник, обманул Беуно относительно некоторых земельных владений, что было доказано на священном судебном разбирательстве. Тогда кузен Кадваллона Гведдеинт (Gweddeint), в порядке компенсации, «отдал Богу и Беуно навечно городок», где святой около 616 года основал монастырь Клинног Фавр (Clynnog Fawr), что в Карнарвоншире (Carnarvonshire) на полуострове Ллейн (Llyn peninsula). Беуно стал опекуном своей племянницы, девы Винифреды (Winefride), которую, по преданию, он воскресил к жизни после усечения мечом. Он неустанно укреплял борющихся с грехом и был полон сострадания к бедствующим. Храм св. Беуно в Клинног Фавр Почитание: Одиннадцать храмов носят имя св. Беуно за его ни с чем несравненную ревность о Господе, среди которых находится монастырь в Клинноге, другой храм находится в Кульбоне (Culbone Church) на побережье Сомерсета. Баринг-Гульд и Фишер ставят его память на 21 апреля 640 года. В современном церковном календаре для Уэльса, он поминается 20 апреля, в то время как 21 апреля поминается св. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Святой Беуно не включён в римский мартиролог, издание 2004 года на Beu- или в латинизированном виде, как Bonus. Читать далее Источник: Избранные жития святых, в Европейских и иных землях просиявших : А-Э/Сост. и перевод А.А. Бурова. – Москва : 2005–2015. Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное |
| Venerable Beuno, Abbot of Clynnog Fawr in Wales Commemorated April 21/May 4 Dmitry Lapa A stained glass image of St. Beuno. Of the life of Venerable Abbot Beuno, probably the greatest saint in North Wales, we know very little. His Life was written many years after his repose, but even the bloody 16th-century Reformation could not erase the memory of this saint of God. Our holy father Beuno was born in the second half of the 6th century in the Welsh kingdom of Powys (according to another tradition – in the present-day western English county of Herefordshire, which at that time was part of Wales) and most likely was a grandson of a Welsh prince. As a young man, Beuno was taught in Herefordshire and learned the monastic life in the famous Bangor Monastery that had been founded by the holy Bishop Deiniol of Bangor (today the village Bangor-on-Dee in the Borough of Wrexham in north-east Wales). In about 616 Beuno founded his main monastery at Clynnog Fawr in the historic region and modern county of Gwynedd in northwest Wales. Owing to the tireless labors of the monks of Clynnog Fawr, most of North Wales was enlightened with the Gospel. Beuno was ordained priest at Bangor and then was invited to become its abbot. In all the venerable man established no fewer than nine monastic centers in Wales and all of them became famous. According to popular tradition, Beuno was the uncle, spiritual father and patron of the holy martyr Winifred, whose veneration throughout the Middle Ages was great. Her relics were in Shrewsbury in England and her wonder-working well at Holywell in Wales has been a focus for continual pilgrimages for 1350 years. St. Beuno " s Church in Clynnog Fawr, Gwynedd. It was said of Beuno that he was stern with stubborn sinners but was full of mercy and compassion for penitents and those who suffered. Towards the end of his life, Beuno was rewarded by the Lord with the gift of discernment and was able to penetrate into the depths and mysteries of the spiritual world. Throughout his life, Beuno worked numerous miracles of healing. He was also a very active and extremely successful missionary, his preaching of the Word of God reached many corners of Wales and south-west England. Among the contemporary theologians Beuno was famous for his knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. |
| St. Beuno " s Church in Pistyll, Gwynedd. Early in the 20th century archaeologists discovered the remains of the original chapel where relics of St Beuno had been kept. Many churches are dedicated to this saint. This demonstrates that St. Beuno and his disciples built a large number of churches and monasteries in various districts of Wales and in the border areas of England. The majority of churches that bear his name can be found in northern and northwestern Wales, including on the Isle of Anglesey and in the Lleyn Peninsula. Churches dedicated to the holy man can also be found in central, eastern Wales and in the historic Clwyd region. The ancient church in the village of Llanveynoe in Herefordshire, England, is dedicated to St. Beuno and St. Peter. It stands precisely on the site of the original monastery built by the saint himself. Some researchers think that this site marks the saint’s birthplace. The church boasts two early English crosses from the 9th-10th centuries, which are somehow connected with the saint. The Church of St. Beuno in Aberffraw, Isle of Anglesey.jpg The church in Clynnog Fawr (this village is often called simply “Clynnog”) is still dedicated to Beuno. This village stands on the northern coast of the Lleyn Peninsula in Gwynedd. As was said, here early in the 7th century Beuno founded his most famous monastery, which was to become a great center of monasticism and pilgrimages. Numerous pilgrims gave this church generous donations. In the 10th century, Clynnog monastery was burned to the ground by the Vikings, and in the following century, after restoration, it was again completely demolished, this time by the Normans. The abbey church, however, continued to exist throughout the centuries. Among the relics of this large and very old church is the ancient stone of St. Beuno with a cross containing marks that are believed to have been left by the fingers of the saint himself! The sundials on the exterior side of the church may date to as early as the 10th century. |
| After his repose, Beuno was buried in Clynnog Fawr, and soon a chapel was erected above his grave. A great number of miracles occurred at his holy relics. Later the saint’s remains were translated to a new church where many miracles continued to occur. The veneration for Beuno was so strong that it even continued after the disastrous Reformation under Henry VIII, when all over Britain monasteries were closed, icons, relics and other holy objects were destroyed and the veneration of saints was officially prohibited. Until the early 19th century there was a custom among the farmers in the vicinity of Clynnog Fawr to make donations to St. Beuno’s Church in the form of young lambs and calves on the feast of Whitsun (Trinity Sunday), as well as to lead sick cattle to the neighboring holy well dedicated to St. Beuno. There are records of countless cases of healing of sick domestic animals on that holy site. From the late medieval era, Clynnog Fawr church regularly celebrated a special service of intercession for the health of livestock. Children who suffered from many diseases – both before and after the Reformation – were brought and led to the holy well, bathed in it and left for a night inside the chapel on the grave or near the grave of the holy man; and many of them were miraculously cured. In most cases children and young people who had suffered from rickets and epilepsy left this place absolutely healthy. There is written evidence that in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries people were healed from many ailments on bathing in this sacred spring. St. Beuno is considered to be the patron of sick children and sick cattle in Wales to this day. Beuno’s well at Clynnog Fawr still remains a destination for pilgrimages today, even though it was partly damaged by vandals in 2010. There is another holy well dedicated to Beuno in Holywell, Flintshire, situated close to its far more famous neighbor – the well of Beuno’s niece St. Winifred. From this well there begins a heritage route devoted to St. Beuno. There is an ancient and now unused church of St. Beuno and a well associated with him at the foot of a hill in the village Carnguwch, Gwynedd. |
| St. Beuno " s Holy Well in Clynnog Fawr, Gwynedd The saint reposed peacefully a few days after Easter Sunday 640 (or 645) in Clynnog Fawr as a very old man. For most of his very long and fruitful life this holy man had wandered much, everywhere preaching the words of Eternal Life, founding monasteries, healing the sick and consoling the destitute, the suffering and those who had been forsaken by others. Frequently he retired to very secluded places for solitary prayer. Beuno established monasteries in Llanveynoe in Herefordshire in England (the Welsh form: Llanfeuno, “Church of Beuno”) and in Llanymynech. To this day there is a unique village called Llanymynech which is partly situated in Wales (Powys) and partly in England (Shropshire). Ancient traditions say that Beuno, as a wandering preacher, used to pay visits to the monastic islands in Wales at Bardsey and Anglesey. On Anglesey he may have founded a church, or, most likely, a monastery, in a place called Aberffraw. One of early English crosses in Llanveynoe, Herefordshire.jpg Apparently Beuno for some while led a solitary ascetic life in Somerset in southwest England where a tiny and lovely church in Culbone – which stands to this day – served him as a cell (hence its name: cell=kill=killbeuno=Culbone). This is the smallest active parish church in all England. It is dedicated to St. Beuno who has been its patron for many centuries. This is a fine example (as well as the neighboring early English Church of St. Dubricius in Porlock) of an early hidden Celtic shrine in England and indicates the uninterrupted tradition of holiness. It is believed that it served Beuno as a cell and after his repose was converted into a chapel. Culbone church is located in a very quiet and remote place right beside the Bristol Channel, surrounded by nature, forest, pastures and small farms. Nearby is the steep Porlock hill and other high hills (typical for Somerset). The views are breathtaking and as you walk it seems that the sea merges with the sky and worldly civilization is far away. This is a typical setting for the ancient Celtic saints. |
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